Subphylum

Pelmatozoa Leuckart, 1848

Selection of related publications
Ausich, W. I., Wilson, M. A., Toom, U. 2024. Early Silurian crinoid diversification on Baltica: Euspirocrinus varbolaensis sp. nov.. Estonian Journal of Earth Sciences 73, 1, 37-44. DOI:10.3176/earth.2024.05
Rozhnov, S. V. 2021. Two Coils in the Morphology of Myelodactylids (Crinoidea, Disparida): the Morphogenetic Basis of Their Formation and Adaptation Potential. Paleontological Journal 55, 9, 993-1012. DOI:10.1134/S0031030121090124
Semenov, N. K., Terentyev, S. S., Mirantsev, G. V., Rozhnov, S. V. 2021. A New Hybocrinid Genus (Echinodermata, Crinoidea) from the Middle Ordovician of Ladoga Glint on the Volkhov River. Paleontological Journal 55, 1, 54-63. DOI:10.1134/S0031030121010123
Cole, S. R., Ausich, W. I., Wilson, M. A. 2021. A Hirnantian holdover from the Late Ordovician mass extinction: phylogeny and biogeography of a new anthracocrinid crinoid from Estonia. Papers in Palaeontology 7, 2, 1195-1204. DOI:10.1002/spp2.1345
Ausich, W. I., Wilson, M. A., Tinn, O. 2020. Kalana Lagerstätte crinoids: Early Silurian (Llandovery) of central Estonia. Journal of Paleontology 94, 1, 131-144. DOI:10.1017/jpa.2019.27
Ausich, W. I., Wilson, M. A., Toom, U. 2020. Early Silurian recovery of Baltica crinoids following the end-Ordovician extinctions (Llandovery, Estonia). Journal of Paleontology 94, 3, 521-530. DOI:10.1017/jpa.2019.89
Cole, S. R., Toom, U. 2019. New camerate crinoid genera from the Upper Ordovician (Katian) of Estonia: evolutionary origin of family Opsiocrinidae and a phylogenetic assessment of Ordovician Monobathrida. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 17, 7, 597-611. DOI:10.1080/14772019.2018.1447519
Wright, D. F., Toom, U. 2017. New crinoids from the Baltic region (Estonia): fossil tip-dating phylogenetics constrains the origin and Ordovician-Silurian diversification of the Flexibilia (Echinodermata). Palaeontology 60, 6, 893-910. DOI:10.1111/pala.12324
Ausich, W. I., Wilson, M. A. 2016. Llandovery (early Silurian) crinoids from Hiiumaa Island, western Estonia. Journal of Paleontology 90, 6, 1138-1147. DOI:10.1017/jpa.2016.120
Rozhnov, S. V. 2016. Aboral Nervous System in Two Ordovician Crinoids: Reconstruction and Comparison of Baltic Pentamerocrinus Jaekel and Grammocrinus Eichwald. Paleontological Journal 2, 58-67. DOI:10.1134/S0031030116020064
Ausich, W. I., Wilson, M. A., Vinn, O. 2015. Wenlock and Pridoli (Silurian) crinoids from Saaremaa, western Estonia (Phylum Echinodermata). Journal of Paleontology 89, 1, 72-81. DOI:10.1017/jpa.2014.6
Ausich, W. I., Rozhnov, S. V., Kammer, T. W. 2015. Iocrinid Crinoids from the Ordovician of the Baltic Region, Estonia. Paleontological Journal 49, 2, 145-152. DOI:10.1134/S0031030115020069
Rozhnov, S. V. 2013. A new Genus of Parablastoidea (Echinodermata) from the Middle Ordovician of Ladoga Glint on the Volkhov River (Ladoga Region). Paleontological Journal 47, 2, 154-161. DOI:10.1134/S003103011302010X
Ausich, W. I., Wilson, M. A., Vinn, O. 2012. Crinoids from the Silurian of Western Estonia. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 57, 3, 613-631. DOI:10.4202/app.2010.0094
Rozhnov, S. V. 2012. Reinterpretation of Baltic Ordovician Heckerites multistellatus Rozhnov, 1987 as a possible paracrinoid based on new material. Zoosymposia 7, 307-316. DOI:10.11646/zoosymposia.7.1.28
Rozhnov, S. V. 2007. New data on perittocrinids and hybocrinids (Crinoidea, Echinodermata) from the Middle Ordovician of the Baltic region. Annales de Paléontologie 93, 4, 261-276. DOI:10.1016/j.annpal.2007.09.004
Stukalina, G. A. 2000. Silurijskie krinoidei Sibirskoj platformy. Transactions of the Paleontological Institute (PIN) 278, 1-108. Nauka.
Arendt, Yu. A., Rozhnov, S. V. 1995. On the hemistreptocrinoids (Echinodermata). Paleontologicheski Zhurnal 1, 119-122.
Rozhnov, S. 1990. Morphology and systematic position of Middle Ordovician Virucrinus Rozhnov gen. nov. (Crinoidea, Inadunata, Disparida) from North Estonia. Proceedings of the Estonian Academy of Sciences. Geology 39, 2, 68-75. DOI:10.3176/geol.1990.2.04
Rozhnov, S. V., Männil, R. M., Nestor, H. E. 1989. Pisocrinid crinoids from the Lower Silurian of the East Baltic. Fossil and Recent Echinoderm researches, pp. 73-80. Academy of Sciences of the Estonian SSR Institute of Geology.
Stukalina, G. A., Hints, L. 1989. On the morphology and systematics of Achradocystites (Paracrinoidea). Fossil and Recent Echinoderm researches, pp. 58-72. Academy of Sciences of the Estonian SSR Institute of Geology.
Donovan, S. K., Franzén-Bengtson, C. 1988. Myelodactylid crinoid columnals from the Lower Visby Beds (Llandoverian) of Gotland. GFF 110, 1, 69-79. DOI:10.1080/11035898809453122
Rozhnov, S. V. 1988. Morfologiâ i sistematičeskoe položenie nižneordovikskih morskih lilij. Paleontologicheski Zhurnal 1988, 2, 67-79.
Stukalina, G. A. 1988. Studies in Paleozoic crinoid-columnals and -stems. Palaeontographica 204, 1-66.
Rozhnov, S. V., Männil, R. M., Nestor, H. E. 1987. Pisocrinids from the Silurian of Baltics. Problems of phylogenese and taxonomy of echinoderms. Abstracts, pp. 79-80. Eesti NSV Teaduste Akadeemia.
Stukalina, G., Hints, L. 1987. Columnals of echinoderms with condylial articulation ( the Ordovician of the Baltic area). Eesti NSV Teaduste Akadeemia Toimetised. Geoloogia / Известия Академии наук Эстонской ССР. Геология 36, 3, 104-112. DOI:10.3176/geol.1987.3.02
Stukalina, G. A. 1986. Zakonomernosti istoričeskogo razvitiâ krinoidej v rannem i srednem paleozoe SSSR. pp. 1-144. Nauka.
Donovan, S. K. 1986. A new genus of Inadunate crinoid with unique stem morphology from the Ashgill of Sweden. Palaeontology 29, 2, 235-242.
Rozhnov, S. V., Arendt, Yu. A. 1984. Novyi rod krinoidei iz verhnego devona Glavnogo devonskogo polja [Новыи род криноидеи из верхнего девона Главного девонского поля]. Paleontologicheski Zhurnal 1984, 4, 118-121.
Donovan, S. K. 1984. Ristnacrinus and the earliest myelodactylid from the Ashgillian Boda Limestone of Sweden. GFF 106, 4, 347-356. DOI:10.1080/11035898509454663
Ginda, V. A. 1984. Columns of new Ordovician crinoids of the south-western margin of the East-European platform. Paleontologicheskii sbornik 21, 58-63.
Franzén, C. 1983. Ecology and taxonomy of Silurian crinoids from Gotland. Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis 665, 1-31.
Franzén-Bengtson, C. 1983. Radial perforations in crinoid stems from the Silurian of Gotland. Lethaia 16, 4, 291-302. DOI:10.1111/j.1502-3931.1983.tb02012.x
Franzén, C. 1982. A Silurian crinoid thanatotope from Gotland. GFF 103, 4, 469-490. DOI:10.1080/11035898209453725
Rozhnov, S. V. 1981. Morskie lilii nadsemejstva Pisocrinacea. Transactions of the Paleontological Institute (PIN) 192, 1-126. Nauka.
Yeltyscheva, R. S. 1979. Stebli paleozojskih morskih lilij Pribaltiki (verhni ordovik). Voprosy paleontologii VIII, 94-106. Izdatel'stvo Leningradskogo Universiteta.
Franzén, C. 1979. Echinoderms. Sveriges Geologiska Undersökning 73, 3, 216-224.
Stukalina, G. A. 1979. A new family of Ordovician crinoids. Paleontologicheski Zhurnal 1979, 4, 89-95.
Stukalina, G., Hints, L. 1979. New finds of Echinoderms in the Upper Viruan deposits of North Estonia. Eesti NSV Teaduste Akadeemia Toimetised. Geoloogia / Известия Академии наук Эстонской ССР. Геология 28, 1, 1-10. DOI:10.3176/geol.1979.1.01
Moore, R. C., Lane, N. G., Strimple, H. L., Sprinkle, J., Fay, R. O. 1978. Inadunata. Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology. Part T. Echinodermata 2, pp. T520-T759. Geological Society of America.
Franzén, C. 1977. Crinoid holdfasts from the Silurian of Gotland. Lethaia 10, 3, 219-234. DOI:10.1111/j.1502-3931.1977.tb00617.x
Arendt, Yu. A. 1976. Ordovikskie iglokožie gemistreptokrinoidei. Bulletin of the Moscow Society of Naturalists. Geological series 51, 2, 63-84.
Rozhnov, S. V. 1975. First pisocrinids from the Lower Silurian of Podolia. Paleontologicheski Zhurnal 1975, 1, 70-75.
Yeltyscheva, R. S. 1975. Krinoidei pograničnyh sloev ordovika i silura Podolii. Voprosy paleontologii VII, 124-144. Izdatel'stvo Leningradskiogo Universiteta.
Regnéll, G. 1973. Tidiga tagghudingar. Fauna och flora 4, 161-165.
Yeltyscheva, R. S., Sizova, Y. N. 1971. Ontogenetičeskie izmeneniâ steblej nekotoryh paleozojskih krinoidej (Columnals - stebli morskih lilij). Voprosy paleontologii VI, 33-40. Izdatel'stvo Leningradskogo Universiteta.
Rõõmusoks, A. 1970. Stratigraphy of the Viruan Series (Middle Ordovician) in Northern Estonia, I. pp. 1-346. Valgus.
Yeltyscheva, R. S. 1966. Stebli ordovikskih morskih lilij Pribaltiki (srednij ordovik). Voprosy paleontologii V, 53-70. Izdatel'stvo Leningradskogo Universiteta.
Hecker, R. F. 1964. Klass Cystoidea. Cistoidei. Osnovy paleontologii. Iglokožie, gemihordovye, pogonofory i ŝetinkočelûstnye, pp. 30-45. Nedra.
Yeltyscheva, R. S. (Yeltyschewa, R. S.) 1964. Stebli ordovikskih morskih lilij Pribaltiki (nižnij ordovik). Voprosy paleontologii IV, 59-82. Izdatel'stvo Leningradskogo Universiteta.
Männil, Ralf 1959. New Representatives of Hoplocrinus from the Middle Ordovician of Estonia. Tartu Riikliku Ülikooli Toimetised 75, I, 82-97.
Ubaghs, G. 1958. Recherches sur les Crinoïdes Camerata du Silurien de Gotland (Suède). Arkiv För Zoologi 11, 16, 259-306.
Männil, Ralf 1958. Zur Stratigraphie der oberordovizischen Nabala-Stufe (FIa) in Estland. ENSV TA Geoloogia Instituudi Uurimused II, 3-17.
Hecker, R. F. 1958. New data on the genus Achradocystites (Echinodermata, Paracrinoidea). ENSV TA Geoloogia Instituudi Uurimused III, 145-163.
Yeltyscheva, R. S. 1957. O novom semejstve paleozojskih morskih lilij. Ežegodnik Vsesoûznogo Paleontologičeskogo Obŝestva XVI, 218-234.
Ubaghs, G. 1956. Recherches sur les Crinoïdes Camerata du Silurien de Gotland (Suède). Arkiv För Zoologi 2, 27, 551-572.
Ubaghs, G. 1956. Recherches sur les Crinoïdes Camerata du Silurien de Gotland (Suède). Arkiv För Zoologi 9, 26, 515-550.
Yakovlev, N. N. 1956. K peresmotru harakteristiki roda Ristnacrinus Öpik. Ežegodnik Vsesoûznogo Paleontologičeskogo Obŝestva XV, 155-157.
Regnéll, G. 1948. Swedish Hybocrinida (Crinoidea Inadunata Disparata; Ordovician-Lower Silurian). Arkiv För Zoologi 40 A, 9, 1-27.
Regnéll, G. 1948. An Outline of the Succession and Migration of Non-Crinoid Pelmatozoan Faunas in the Lower Paleozoic of Scandinavia. Arkiv för kemi, mineralogi och geologi 26 A, 13, 1-55. Almqvist & Wiksells Boktryckeri AB.
Öpik, A. 1935. Hoplocrinus - eine stiellose Seelilie aus dem Ordovizium Estlands. Tartu Ülikooli Geoloogia Instituudi Toimetused 43, 1-15.
Öpik, A. 1935. Amphipora ramosa (Phill.) in the Marine Devonian of Estonia. Tartu Ülikooli Geoloogia Instituudi Toimetused 41, 1-7.
Öpik, A. 1934. Ristnacrinus, a new Ordovician crinoid from Estonia. Tartu Ülikooli Geoloogia Instituudi Toimetused 40, 1-7.
Teichert, C. 1928. Stratigraphische und paläontologische Untersuchungen im unteren Gotlandium (Tamsal-Stufe) des westlichen Estland und der Insel Dagö. Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Geologie und Paläontologie. Monatshefte: Abt. B. Geologie, Paläontologie 60, 1-112.
Öpik, A. 1925. Beiträge zur Kenntnis der Kukruse-(C2-) Stufe in Eesti. I. Acta et Commentationes Universitatis Tartuensis VIII, 5, 1-18. G. Mattiesen.
Bekker, H. 1924. Devon Irboska ümbruses: stratigraafia, fauna ja paleogeograafia. Eesti Loodusteaduse Arhiiv X, 1, 1-55. K. Mattiesen.
Jaekel, O. 1918. Phylogenie und System der Pelmatozoen. Paläontologische Zeitschrift 3, 1, 1-128. DOI:10.1007/BF03190413
Jaekel, O. 1902. Ueber verschiedene Wege phylogenetischer Entwicklung. Verhandlungen des V. Internationalen Zoologen-Congresses zu Berlin. 12-16 August 1901, pp. 1058-1117.
Jaekel, O. 1900. Ueber einen neuen Pentacrinoideen-Typus aus dem Obersilur. Zeitschrift der Deutschen Geologischen Gesellschaft 52, 3, 480-487.
Angelin, N. P. 1878. Iconographica Crinoideorum in stratis Sueciae siluricis fossilium. 2. Cystidea. pp. 1-62. Samson & Wallin.
Angelin, N. P. 1878. Palaeontologica Scandinavica. Pars I, II. Crustacea formationis transitionis. pp. 1-92. Samson & Wallin.
Schmidt, Fr. 1874. Über einige neue und wenig bekannte baltisch-silurische Petrefacten. Mémoires de l´Académie Impériale des Sciences de St.-Petersbourg 21, 11, 1-48.
Volborth, A. 1870. Über Achradocystites und Cystoblastus, zwei neue Crinoideen-Gattungen, eingeleitet durch kritische Betrachtungen über die Organe der Cystideen. Mémoires de l´Académie Impériale des Sciences de St.-Petersbourg 16, 2, 1-15.
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Eichwald, E. 1861. Paleontologiâ Rossii. Drevnij period. II. Fauna grauvakkovoj, gornoizvestkovoj i medistoslancevatoj formacij Rossii. pp. 1-521. R. Golike (former Ya. Ionsona).
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List of species
5. Achradocystites schmidti Hecker, 1958 | Keila Stage→Oandu Stage
10. Artificiosocrinus artificiosus (Yeltyschewa, 1964) | Volkhov Stage→Kunda Stage
16. Babanicrinus kegelensis (Yeltyschewa, 1966) | Idavere Substage→Keila Stage
18. Baerocrinus parvus Jaekel, 1900 | Lower Ordovician
19. Baerocrinus ungerni Volborth, 1864 | Uhaku Stage→Kukruse Stage
20. Baltocrinus antiquus (Eichwald, 1860) | Lasnamägi Stage→Oandu Stage
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Classification
Organism groupBiota
KingdomAnimalia
PhylumEchinodermata
SubphylumAsterozoa
Blastozoa
Echinozoa
Eleutherozoa
Pelmatozoa
ClassCystoidea
Parablastoidea
Paracrinoidea
Crinoidea
Cyclocystoidea
Homoiostelea
Stylophora
See also