Class

Rhombifera Zittel, 1879

Selection of related publications

Paul, C. R. C., Toom, U. 2021. Cystoblastus and the origin of the Hemicosmitoida (Echinodermata: Blastozoa). Estonian Journal of Earth Sciences 70, 3, 165-181. DOI:10.3176/earth.2021.13

Paul, C. R. C., Rozhnov, S. V. 2016. Revision of Scoliocystis (Rhombifera: Echinoencrinitidae) and related cystoid genera. Paleontological Journal 50, 3, 255-275. DOI:10.1134/S0031030116030059

Paul, C. R. C., Donovan, S. K. 2011. A review of the British Silurian cystoids. Geological Journal 46, 5, 434-450. DOI:10.1002/gj.1287

Zuykov, M. A., Terentiev, S. S., Harper, D. A. T. 2008. New endemic brachiopod and echinoderm genera from the Upper Ordovician of the St. Petersburg region, nortwestern Russia. GFF 130, 2, 87-93. DOI:10.1080/11035890801302087

Bockelie, J. F. 1981. A re-evaluation of the Ordovician cystoid Stichocystis Jaekel and the taxonomic implications. GFF 103, 1, 51-59. DOI:10.1080/11035898109455204

Bockelie, J. F. 1981. Morphology, growth and taxonomy of the Ordovician rhombiferan Caryocystites. GFF 103, 4, 499-513. DOI:10.1080/11035898209453727

Bockelie, J. F. 1979. Taxonomy, functional morphology and palaeoecology of the Ordovician cystoid family Hemicosmitidae. Palaeontology 22, 2, 363-406.

Bockelie, J. F. 1973. The Presence of Prunocystites (Cystoidea) in Stage 9e of Ringerike, Norway. Norsk Geologisk Tidsskrift 53, 317-321.

Rõõmusoks, A. 1970. Stratigraphy of the Viruan Series (Middle Ordovician) in Northern Estonia, I. pp. 1-346. Valgus.

Regnéll, G. 1948. Echinoderms (hydrophoridae, ophiocistia) from the Ordovician (Upper Skiddavian) of the Oslo region. Norsk Geologisk Tidsskrift 27, 14-58.

Regnéll, G. 1945. Non-Crinoid Pelmatozoa from the Paleozoic of Sweden. A taxonomic study. Meddelanden från Lunds Geologisk-Mineralogiska Institution 108, 1-255. Carl Bloms Boktryckeri.

Phleger, F. B. 1935. Some Ordovician cystids from Russia. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology. Harvard University Museum of Comparative Zoology LXXVI, 5, 193-201.

Öpik, A. 1934. Üks tsüstiid Eesti Megalaspislubjakivist. Eesti Loodus 1, 17-20.

Öpik, A. 1925. Beiträge zur Kenntnis der Kukruse-(C2-) Stufe in Eesti. I. Acta et Commentationes Universitatis Tartuensis VIII, 5, 1-18. G. Mattiesen.

Bekker, H. 1925. Lühike ülevaade Eesti geoloogiast (Eozoiline ja paleozoiline ladekond). Eesti Loodus. Äratrükk koguteosest "Eesti", pp. 31-61.

Hecker, R. F. 1923. Echinosphaeritidae of the Silurian of Russia. Trav. Mus. Géol. Min. Pierre le Grand Acad. Sci. Russie IV, 1, 1-63.

Bekker, H. 1921. The Kuckers stage of the Ordovician Rocks in NE Estonia. Acta et Commentationes Universitatis Tartuensis II, 1, 1-92.

Jaekel, O. 1918. Phylogenie und System der Pelmatozoen. Paläontologische Zeitschrift 3, 1, 1-128. DOI:10.1007/BF03190413

Jaekel, O. 1899. Stammesgesihichte der Pelmatozoen. Erster Band. Thecoidea und Cystoidea. pp. 1-441. Verlag von Julius Springer.

Volborth, A. 1870. Über Achradocystites und Cystoblastus, zwei neue Crinoideen-Gattungen, eingeleitet durch kritische Betrachtungen über die Organe der Cystideen. Mémoires de l´Académie Impériale des Sciences de St.-Petersbourg 16, 2, 1-15.

Eichwald, E. 1860. Lethaea Rossica ou Paléontologie de la Russie. Premier volume. Ancienne Période en deux sections. pp. XIX+1–1657. E. Schweizerbart. DOI:10.5962/bhl.title.52391

Eichwald, E. 1856. Beitrag zur geographischen Verbreitung der fossilen Thiere Russlands. Alte Periode. (Fortsetzung). Bulletin of the Moscow Society of Naturalists. Geological series 29, 1, 88-127.

List of species

1. Amorphocystis esthoniae Jaekel, 1899 | Ordovician→Silurian

2. Caryocrinites septentrionalis Regnéll, 1945 | Katian

3. Caryocystites dubius (Angelin, 1878) | Sandbian

4. Caryocystites esthoniae (Jaekel, 1899) | Ordovician→Silurian

5. Caryocystites laevis Hecker, 1923 | Lower Ordovician

6. Caryocystites lagenalis Regnéll, 1945 | Katian

7. Caryocystites rugosus Bockelie, 1981 | Katian

8. Caryocystites thorsundi Bockelie, 1981 | Katian

9. Caryocystites valdari Bockelie, 1981 | Sandbian

10. Caryocystites variabilis (Regnéll, 1945) | Katian→lower Silurian

11. Cheirocrinus atavus Jaekel, 1899 | Kunda Stage

12. Cheirocrinus giganteus (Leuchtenberg, 1843) | Volkhov Stage→Kunda Stage

13. Cheirocrinus granulatus Jaekel, 1899 | Uhaku Stage→Kukruse Stage

14. Cheirocrinus holmi Regnéll, 1945 | Middle Ordovician

15. Cheirocrinus hyperboreus Regnéll, 1948 | Middle Ordovician

16. Cheirocrinus interruptus Jaekel, 1899 | Ordovician

17. Cheirocrinus leuchtenbergi (Angelin, 1878) | Ordovician

18. Cheirocrinus nodosus Jaekel, 1899 | Ordovician

19. Cheirocrinus ornatus Eichwald, 1860 | Lower Ordovician

20. Cheirocrinus penniger (Eichwald, 1842) | Kunda Stage

Classification

Organism group	Biota
Kingdom	Animalia
Phylum	Echinodermata
Subphylum	Blastozoa
Class	Coronoidea
	Diploporita
	Eocrinoidea
	Rhombifera
Order	Dichoporita
Superfamily	Caryocystitida
	Hemicosmitida
	Polycosmitida