Class
Demospongea Sollas, 1875
demosponge
Selection of related publications
Rhebergen, F., Botting, J. P. 2014. A new Silurian (Llandovery, Telychian) sponge assemblage from Gotland, Sweden. Fossils and Strata 60, 1-87. DOI:10.1002/9781118906651
Rhebergen, F. 2014. A new Late Ordovician erratic anthaspidellid sponge (Porifera) originating from Baltica. Scripta Geologica 146, 1-15.
Rhebergen, F. 2011. Short note on three species of Ordovician Orchocladina (Demospongea, Porifera). Scripta Geologica 143, 123-126.
Rhebergen, F. 2009. Ordovician sponges (Porifera) and other silicifications from Baltica in Neogene and Pleistocene fluvial deposits of the Netherlands and northern Germany. Estonian Journal of Earth Sciences 58, 1, 24-37. DOI:10.3176/earth.2009.1.03
Rhebergen, F. 2007. Revision of the species Astraeospongium Patina Roemer, 1861, based on Ordovician bedrock specimens from Estonia. GFF 129, 1, 17-22. DOI:10.1080/11035890701291017
Rhebergen, F. 2007. Baltic Ordovician compound sponges as erratics on Gotland (Sweden), in northern Germany and the eastern Netherlands. Netherlands Journal of Geosciences 86, 4, 365 - 378. DOI:10.1017/S0016774600023581
Mõtus, M.-A., Hints, O. (eds) 2007. 10th International Symposium on Fossil Cnidaria and Porifera. Excursion B2: Lower Paleozoic geology and corals of Estonia. Excursion Guidebook. pp. 1-64. Institute of Geology at Tallinn University of Technology.
Rhebergen, F. 2004. A new Ordovician astylospongiid sponge (Porifera) as an erratic from Baltica. Netherlands Journal of Geosciences 83, 4, 255-265. DOI:10.1017/S0016774600020357
Riding, R. 2004. Solenopora is a Chaetetid Sponge, not an Alga. Palaeontology 47, 1, 117-122. DOI:10.1111/j.0031-0239.2004.00351.x
Rhebergen, F. van Kempen, T. 2002. An unusual Silurian erratic astylospongiid (Porifera) from Gotland, Sweden. GFF 124, 4, 185-192. DOI:10.1080/11035890201244185
Märss, T., Wilson, M. V. H., Thorsteinsson, R. 2002. New thelodont (Agnatha) and possible chondrichthyan (Gnathostomata) taxa established in the Silurian and Lower Devonian of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. Proceedings of the Estonian Academy of Sciences. Geology 51, 2, 88-120. DOI:10.3176/geol.2002.2.02
Rhebergen, F., von Hacht, U. von 2000. Ordovician erratic sponges from Gotland, Sweden. GFF 122, 4, 339-349. DOI:10.1080/11035890001224339
Kõrts, A. 1991. Distribution of calcareous algae, oncolites and stromatolites in Wenlock-Ludlow boundary beds in Estonia. Proceedings of the Estonian Academy of Sciences. Geology 40, 2, 43-49. DOI:10.3176/geol.1991.2.02
Klaamann, E. R. 1986. The tabulate communities and biozones of the East Baltic Silurian. Theory and practice of ecostratigraphy, pp. 80-98. Valgus.
Klaamann, E. 1983. The Tabulate corals of Jaani and Jaagarahu Stages (Wenlockian, Estonia) and their Biozones. Lower Paleozoic paleontology of Baltics and Podolia, pp. 3-40. Eesti NSV Teaduste Akadeemia Geoloogia Instituut.
Stel, J. H., Oekentorp, K. 1980. Desmidopora and Nodulipora: misfits in the coral world. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 25, 3-4, 403-417.
Rõõmusoks, A. 1970. Stratigraphy of the Viruan Series (Middle Ordovician) in Northern Estonia, I. pp. 1-346. Valgus.
Klaamann, E. R. 1966. The incommunicate tabulata of Estonia. ENSV TA Geoloogia Instituudi Uurimused 1-97. Eesti NSV TA Geoloogia Instituut.
Asatkin, B. P. 1949. Type Porifera. Sponges. pp. 63–73. Gosudarstvennoe Izdatel'stvo Geologicheskoj Literatury.
Öpik, A., Thomson, P. W. 1933. Über Konzeptakeln von Solenopora. Tartu Ülikooli Geoloogia Instituudi Toimetused 36, 1-7.
Bekker, H. 1921. The Kuckers stage of the Ordovician Rocks in NE Estonia. Acta et Commentationes Universitatis Tartuensis II, 1, 1-92.
Lamansky, V. V. 1905. Drevnejšie sloi silurijskih otloženij Rossii. Memoires du Comite Geologique 20, 1-147.
Lindström, G. 1896. Beschreibung einiger obersilurischer Korallen aus der Insel Gotland. Bihang till Kongliga Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar 21, 7, 1-50. Norstedt & Söner.
Brown, A. 1894. II.—On the Structure and Affinities of the Genus Solenopora, together with Descriptions of New Species. Geological Magazine 1, 2, 195-203. DOI:10.1017/S0016756800140932
Brown, A. 1894. I.-On the Structure and Affinities of the Genus Solenopora, Together with Description of New Species. Geological Magazine 1, 4, 145-151. DOI:10.1017/S0016756800140762
Dybowski, W. 1873. Monographie der Zoantharia sclerodermata rugosa aus der Silurformation Estlands, Nord-Livlands und der Insel Gotland, nebst einer Synopsis aller palaezoischen Gattungen dieser Abtheilung und einer Synonymik der dazu gehörigen, bereits bekannten Arten. pp. 1-160. Heinrich Laakmann.
List of species
2. Archaeoscyphia attenuata de Freitas, 1989 | Ordovician
9. Astylospongia praemorsa (Goldfuss, 1826) | Ordovician
11. Aulocopella dactylos Rigby et Bayer, 1971 | Pirgu Stage
14. Aulocopium discus Roemer, 1861 | Idavere Substage
15. Barrandeolites bowerbanki (Milne-Edwards et Haime, 1851) | Jaagarahu Stage
17. Brevaspidella dispersa Rhebergen, 2014 | Upper Ordovician
20. Carpospongia conwentzi Rauff, 1893 | Ordovician
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Classification
| Organism group | Biota |
| Kingdom | Animalia |
| Phylum | Porifera |
| Class | Archaeocyatha |
| Calcarea | |
| Demospongea | |
| Subclass | Ceractinomorpha |
| Tetractinomorpha | |
| Order | Chaetetida |
| Lithistida | |
| Orchocladina | |
| Protomonaxonida | |
| Spirosclerophorida | |
| Tetralithistida | |
| Genus | Solenopora |
| Class | Heteractinida |
| Hexactinellida | |
| Stromatoporoidea | |
| Genus | Cliona |