Subfamily

Escharoporinae Karklins, 1983

Selection of related publications

Vinn, O., Ernst, A., Wilson, M., Toom, U. 2025. Symbiosis between bryozoans with erect cribrate colonies and rugose corals from the lower Katian (Upper Ordovician) of Estonia. Carnets de Géologie 25, 6, 147-154. DOI:10.2110/carnets.2025.2506

Ernst, A., Nakrem, H. 2012. Late Ordovician (Sandbian) bryozoans and their depositional environment, Furuberget Formation, Mjøsa District, Oslo Region, Norway. Bulletin of Geosciences 87, 1, 21-44. DOI:10.3140/bull.geosci.1316

Gorjunova, R. V. 1996. Phylogeny of the Paleozoic bryozoans. Transactions of the Paleontological Institute (PIN) 267, 1-163. Nauka.

Gorjunova, R. V., Lavrentjeva, V. D. 1993. Morphology and system of the cryptostome bryozoans. Transactions of the Paleontological Institute (PIN) 257, 1-151. Nauka.

Spjeldnaes, N. 1984. Upper Ordovician Bryozoans from Ojl Myr, Gotland, Sweden. Bulletin of the Geological Institutions of the University of Uppsala 10, 1-66.

Brood, K. 1981. Bryozoa from the Klingkalk at Jälltjärn in Dalarna Sweden. Acta Universitatis Stockholmiensis 37, 4, 43-48.

Brood, K. 1980. Late Ordovician Bryozoa from Ringerike, Norway. Norsk Geologisk Tidsskrift 60, 3, 161-174.

Kopajevich, G. V. 1975. Silurijskie mšanki Èstonii i Podolii (Cryptostomata, Rhabdomesonata) [Силурийские мшанки Эстонии и Подолии (Cryptostomata, Rhabdomesonata)]. Transactions of the Paleontological Institute (PIN) 151, 1-155. Nauka.

Rõõmusoks, A. 1970. Stratigraphy of the Viruan Series (Middle Ordovician) in Northern Estonia, I. pp. 1-346. Valgus.

Astrova, G. G., Kopajevich, V. G. 1970. Bryozoa. The Silurian of Estonia, pp. 130-140. Valgus.

Männil, R. M. 1959. Questions of stratigraphy and bryozoans of the Ordovician of Estonia. pp. 1-852. Institut Geologii Akademii Nauk Estonskoi SSR.

Toots, H. 1952. Bryozoen des estnischen Kuckersits. Mitt. Geol. Staatinst. Hamburg 21, 113-137.

Bekker, H. 1921. The Kuckers stage of the Ordovician Rocks in NE Estonia. Acta et Commentationes Universitatis Tartuensis II, 1, 1-92.

Bassler, R. S. 1911. The Early Paleozoic Bryozoa of the Baltic Provinces. Bulletin of the US National Museum 77, 1-382.

Eichwald, E. 1861. Paleontologiâ Rossii. Drevnij period. II. Fauna grauvakkovoj, gornoizvestkovoj i medistoslancevatoj formacij Rossii. pp. 1-521. R. Golike (former Ya. Ionsona).

List of species

1. Escharopora recta Hall, 1847 | Haljala Stage→Oandu Stage

2. Escharopora subrecta (Ulrich, 1886) | Keila Stage→Oandu Stage

3. Graptodictya bonnemai Bassler, 1911 | Kukruse Stage→Rakvere Stage

4. Graptodictya boreniensis Brood, 1978 | Katian→Hirnantian

5. Graptodictya delicata Männil, 1993 | Idavere Substage→Oandu Stage

6. Graptodictya elegantula (Hall, 1847) | Juuru Stage

7. Graptodictya minima Bekker, 1921 | Kukruse Stage→Oandu Stage

8. Graptodictya minuta Kopajevich, 1975 | Raikküla Stage

9. Graptodictya perelegans (Ulrich, 1878) | Upper Ordovician→Juuru Stage

10. Graptodictya rhombica (Eichwald, 1840) | Nabala Stage→Pirgu Stage

11. Graptodictya simplex (Ulrich, 1886) | Keila Stage→Oandu Stage

12. Graptodictya sulcata Kopajevich, 1975 | Adavere Stage

13. Proavella obliqua (Bassler, 1911) | Vormsi Stage→Pirgu Stage

14. Proavella parvula Nekhoroshev, 1960 | Ordovician

15. Proavella proava (Eichwald, 1840) | Oandu Stage

Classification

Organism group	Biota
Kingdom	Animalia
Phylum	Bryozoa
Class	Stenolaemata
Superorder	Palaeostomata
Order	Cryptostomata
Suborder	Ptilodictyina
Family	Ptilodictyidae
Subfamily	Escharoporinae
Genus	Escharopora
	Graptodictya
	Proavella
Subfamily	Ptilodictyinae
	Virgatellinae