hõimkond

Arthropoda Siebold, 1848

Taksoni iseloomustus

Lülijalgsed ehk artropoodid on väga laialt levinud ja mitmekesine selgrootute loomade hõimkond, mis moodustab kõikidest tänapäeval elavatest liikidest umbes kolm neljandikku. Siia hõimkonda kuuluvad: lõugtundlased, hulkjalgsed, heksapoodid, vähid ning tänapäevaks väljasurnud trilobiidid. Lülijalgsetele iseloomulik kehaehitus - lüliline keha, lülilised jäsemed ning kõva kitiinist eksoskelett - ilmusid esmakordselt juba Kambriumi alguses. Viimase 540 miljoni aasta jooksul on kõik viis lülijalgsete alamhõimkonda kohastunud nii merelise, magedaveelise kui maapealse elukeskkonnaga.

Valik taksonit käsitlevast teaduskirjandusest
Ebbestad, J. O. R., Pärnaste, H., Høyberget, M., Nielsen, A. T., Rojo, M. A. 2025. Two early cheirurine trilobites and their later relatives in the Ordovician of Baltoscandia. Norwegian Journal of Geology 105, 2, DOI:https://dx.doi.org/10.17850/njg105-2-3
Pelska, J. 2025. Kalana trilobiidid: stratigraafiline ja paleoökoloogiline kontekst. pp. 1-45.
Weidner, T., Nielsen, A. T., Ebbestad, J. O: 2024. A new agnostoid from the Cambrian of Scandinavia Tomagnostella tullbergi n. sp. (Agnostidae) from the middle Cambrian Lejopyge laevigata Zone of Scandinavia. Bulletin of the Geological Society of Denmark 73, 193-198. DOI:10.37570/bgsd-2024-73-11
Kröger, B., Toom, U., Männik, P., Ernst, A. 2024. Stop 7: Rummu quarry. XI Baltic Stratigraphical Conference. Abstracts and Field Guide, pp. 101-106. Geological Society of Estonia.
Meidla, T., Tinn, O., Männik, P. 2024. Stop 13: Soeginina cliff. XI Baltic Stratigraphical Conference. Abstracts and Field Guide, pp. 123-125. Geological Society of Estonia.
Hints, O. 2024. Stop 5: Pakerort cliff, Pakri Peninsula. XI Baltic Stratigraphical Conference. Abstracts and Field Guide, pp. 93-98. Geological Society of Estonia.
Bicknell, R. D. C., Vargas-Parra, E. E., Landman, N. H., Pärnaste, H. 2024. Evidence for cryptic molting behavior in the trilobite Toxochasmops vormsiensis from the Upper Ordovician Katian Kõrgessaare Formation, Estonia. The Science of Nature 111, 3, DOI:10.1007/s00114-024-01906-8
Melnikova, L. M., Mirantsev, G. V., Terentiev, S. S., Anekeeva, G. A. 2022. Ostracods of the Gryazno Formation (Upper Ordovician, Sandbian Stage and Idavere Regional Stage) in the West of Leningrad Region. Paleontological Journal 56, 5, 510-525. DOI:10.1134/S0031030122050082
Skovsted, C. B., Topper, T. P., McLoughlin, S., Johansson, O., Liu, F., Vajda, V. 2021. First discovery of Small Shelly Fossils and new occurrences of brachiopods and trilobites from the early Cambrian (Stage 4) of the Swedish Caledonides, Lapland. GFF 143, 2-3, 134-150. DOI:10.1080/11035897.2021.1895303
Meidla, T., Truuver, K., Tinn, O., Ainsaar, L. 2020. Ostracods of the Ordovician–Silurian boundary beds: Jūrmala core (Latvia) and its implications for Baltic stratigraphy. Estonian Journal of Earth Sciences 69, 4, 233-247. DOI:10.3176/earth.2020.20
Weidner, T., Ebbestad, J. O. R. 2018. Anopolenus henrici Salter, a middle Cambrian (Drumian) centropleurid trilobite from the Alum Shale Formation of Scandinavia. Bulletin of the Geological Society of Denmark 66, 223-228. DOI:10.37570/bgsd-2018-66-13
Vinn, O., Ernst, A., Toom, U., Isakar, M. 2018. Cryptic encrusting fauna inside invertebrate fossils from the Ordovician of Estonia. Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae 88, 3, 285-290. DOI:10.14241/asgp.2018.008
Weidner, T., Nielsen, A. T 2016. Tomagnostus brantevikensis n. sp. (Trilobita) from the middle Cambrian of Scania, Sweden. Bulletin of the Geological Society of Denmark 64, 111–116. DOI:10.37570/bgsd-2016-64-06
Rushton, A., Weidner, T., Ebbestad, J. 2016. Paradoxidid trilobites from a mid-Cambrian (Series 3, stage 5) limestone concretion from Jämtland, central Sweden. Bulletin of Geosciences 91, 3, 515-552. DOI:10.3140/bull.geosci.1606
Truuver, K., Meidla, T. 2015. A Hirnantian deep-water refuge for warm-water ostracods in Baltoscandia. Geological Quarterly 59, 4, 738-749. DOI:10.7306/gq.1258
Høyberget, M., Ebbestad, J. O. R., Funke, B., Nakrem, H. A. 2015. The shelly fauna and biostratigraphy of the lower Cambrian (provisional series 2, stage 4) Evjevik Member, Ringstrand Formation in the Mjøsa area, Norway. Norwegian Journal of Geology 95, 1, 23-56. DOI:10.17850/njg95-1-02
Rasmussen, B. W., Nielsen, A. T., Schovsbo, N. H. 2015. Faunal succession in the upper Cambrian (Furongian) Leptoplastus Superzone at Slemmestad, southern Norway. Norwegian Journal of Geology 95, 1, 1-22. DOI:10.17850/njg95-1-01
Żylińska, A., Weidner, T., Ahlgren, J., Ahlberg, P. 2015. Exotic trilobites from the uppermost Cambrian Series 3 and lower Furongian of Sweden. Acta Geologica Polonica 65, 1, 21-67. DOI:10.1515/agp-2015-0002
Hints, L., Männik, P. 2014. Stop A10: Porkuni quarry. 4th Annual Meeting of IGCP 591, Estonia, 10-19 June 2014. Abstracts and Field Guide, pp. 167-172. University of Tartu.
Bergström, J., Zhiqiang, Z., Ahlberg, P., Axheimer, N. 2014. Upper lower Cambrian (provisional Cambrian Series 2) trilobites from northwestern Gansu Province, China. Estonian Journal of Earth Sciences 63, 3, 123-143. DOI:10.3176/earth.2014.12
Pärnaste, H., Bergström, J., Zhou, Z.-Y. 2013. High-resolution trilobite stratigraphy of the Lower-Middle Ordovician Öland Series of Baltoscandia. Geological Magazine 150, 3, 509–518. DOI:10.1017/S0016756812000908
Lamsdell, J. C. 2013. Revised systematics of Palaeozoic ‘horseshoe crabs’ and the myth of monophyletic Xiphosura. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 167, 1, 1-27. DOI:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2012.00874.x
Melnitsky, S. I. 2013. Archaeotinodes ivanovi sp. nov., a New Fossil Species of Ecnomidae (Insecta: Trichoptera) from the Baltic Amber. Paleontological Journal 47, 4, 407-409. DOI:10.1134/S0031030113040114
Ivanov, D. V., Melnitsky, S. I. 2013. Ten New Species of Caddisflies (insecta: Trichoptera) from the Baltic Amber. Paleontological Journal 47, 2, 166-176. DOI:10.1134/S0031030113020068
Pärnaste, H., Bergström, J. 2013. The asaphid trilobite fauna: Its rise and fall in Baltica. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 389, 64-77. DOI:10.1016/j.palaeo.2013.06.007
Topper, T. P., Skovsted, C. B., Harper, D. A. T., Ahlberg, P. 2013. A bradoriid and brachiopod dominated shelly fauna from the Furongian (Cambrian) of Västergötland, Sweden. Journal of Paleontology 87, 1, 69-83. DOI:10.1666/12-047R.1
Krueger, H.-H. 2013. Die Unterfamilie Chasmopinae (Trilobita, Pterygometopidae) aus baltoskandischen Geschieben sowie Baltoskandia und angrenzenden Gebieten. pp. 1-150. Ampyx-Verlag.
Truuver, K., Meidla, T. 2013. Extraordinary End-Ordovician ostracod association from Kętrzyn IG-1 borehole, NE Poland. The Palaeontological Association 57th Annual Meeting, December 2013. Thematic Symposium “Fossilised ontogenies and evolution”, pp. 57-57. University of Zürich.
Pärnaste, H. 2012. Suurte silmadega väike mereelukas Telephina. Eesti Loodus 6-7, 20-23.
Hints, L., Pärnaste, H., Gailite, L.-I. 2012. Hirnantia sagittifera (Brachiopoda) and Mucronaspis mucronata s.l. (Trilobita) in the Upper Ordovician of the East Baltic: taxonomy and distribution. Estonian Journal of Earth Sciences 61, 2, 65-81. DOI:10.3176/earth.2012.2.01
Perrier, V., Meidla, T., Tinn, O., Ainsaar, L. 2012. Biotic response to explosive volcanism: Ostracod recovery after Ordovician ash-falls. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 365, 166-183. DOI:10.1016/j.palaeo.2012.09.024
Schallreuter, R., Hinz-Schallreuter, I. 2011. New Ostracodes from the Öjlemyr Chert (Late Ordovician) of Gotland and Northern Germany. Bollettino della Società Paleontologica Italiana 50, 3, 209-228. DOI:10.4435/BSPI.2011.17
Popp, A., Pärnaste, H. 2011. Biometry and lifestyle of the Ordovician proetide trilobite Cyamella stensioei Owens, 1979. GFF 133, 3-4, 111-123. DOI:10.1080/11035897.2011.599418
Pärnaste, H., Popp, A. 2011. First record of Telephina (Trilobita) from the Ordovician of northeastern Estonia and its stratigraphical implications. Estonian Journal of Earth Sciences 60, 2, 83-90. DOI:10.3176/earth.2011.2.02
Schallreuter, R., Hinz-Schallreuter, I. 2011. STEUSLOFFs ordovizische Geschiebe-Ostrakoden. Archiv für Geschiebekunde 6, 2, 125–150.
Schallreuter, R., Hinz-Schallreuter, I. 2011. The Ordovician ostracodes established by Aurel Krause, Part I. Fossil Record 14, 1, 55-76. DOI:10.1002/mmng.201000015
Stein, M., Bergström, J. 2010. Some lower Middle Ordovician species of Asaphus (Trilobita) from Sweden. GFF 132, 2, 105–116. DOI:10.1080/11035897.2010.486478
Tinn, O., Meidla, T., Sohar, K. 2010. Intraspecific variation and polymorphism in the ostracode Conchoprimitia socialis (Brogger, 1882) from the early Middle Ordovician Baltoscandian Paleobasin. Bulletin of Geosciences 85, 4, 603-616. DOI:10.3140/bull.geosci.1183
Schallreuter, R., Hinz-Schallreuter, I. C. U. 2010. Sexual dimorphism and pore systems in Ordovician ostracodes. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 55, 4, 741-760. DOI:10.4202/app.2009.0056
Tinn, O., Meidla, T., Ainsaar, L., Kivioja, K. 2010. Rich and heterogenous fossil ostracod fauna in the Ordovician sediment intrusions at Osmussaar Island, Estonia, reveals an ancient impact event. GFF 132, 3-4, 201-211. DOI:10.1080/11035897.2010.530351
Dies Álvarez, M. E., Rushton, A. W. A., Gozalo, R., Pillola, G. L., Liñán, E., Ahlberg, P. 2010. Paradoxides brachyrhachis Linnarsson, 1883 versus Paradoxide smediterraneus Pompeckj, 1901: a problematic determination. pp. 95-104. DOI:10.1080/11035897.2010.481363
Terfelt, F., Ahlberg, P. 2010. Pseudagnostus rugosus Ergaliev, 1980: a key agnostoid species for intercontinental correlation of upper Furongian (Cambrian) strata. Geological Magazine 147, 5, 789-796. DOI:10.1017/S0016756810000282
Pärnaste, H., Popp, A., Owens, R. M. 2009. Distribution of the Proetida (Trilobita) in Baltoscandian Ordovician strata. Estonian Journal of Earth Sciences 58, 1, 10-23. DOI:10.3176/earth.2009.1.02
Hoel, O. A. 2009. The post-cephalic morphology of the middle Ordovician trilobite Prionocheilus narinosus from the central Oslo Region, Norway. Norwegian Journal of Geology 89, 3, 247-249.
Kask, R. 2009. Kalana karjääri ostrakoodid [Bakalaureusetöö. Juhendaja: O. Tinn]. pp. 1-26. Tartu Ülikool.
Streng, M., Ebbestad, J. O. R., Moczydłowska, M. 2008. A Walcottella-like bradoriid (Arthropoda) from the lower Cambrian of Sweden. GFF 130, 1, 11-19. DOI:10.1080/11035890801301011
Dies Álvarez, M. E., Gozalo, R., Cederström, P., Ahlberg, P. 2008. Bradoriid arthropods from the lower-middle Cambrian of Scania, Sweden. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 53, 4, 647-656. DOI:10.4202/app.2008.0409
Popp, A., Pärnaste, H. 2008. Morphometric study of the Ordovician proetid trilobite Cyamella stensioei Owens, 1978. Advances in trilobite research, pp. 327-332. IGME.
Pärnaste, H. 2008. Xylabion and related genera. Advances in trilobite research, pp. 307-312.
Meidla, T. 2007. Ostracods from the Upper Ordovician Borenshult fauna, Sweden. GFF 129, 2, 123-132. DOI:10.1080/11035890701292123
Tetlie, O. E. 2007. Distribution and dispersal history of Eurypterida (Chelicerata). Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 252, 557-574. DOI:10.1016/j.palaeo.2007.05.011
Rushton, A. W. A., Weidner, T. 2007. The Middle Cambrian paradoxidid trilobite Hydrocephalus from Jämtland, central Sweden. Acta Geologica Polonica 57, 4, 391-401.
Terfelt, F., Ahlgren, J. 2007. Macropyge (Promacropyge) scandinavica new species; the first macropyginid trilobite recorded from the Furongian of Baltica. Journal of Paleontology 81, 6, 1516-1522. DOI:10.1666/06-020R.1
Kivioja, K. 2007. Osmussaare settesoonte ostrakoodifauna [Magistritöö. Juhendaja: O. Tinn]. pp. . Tartu Ülikool.
Tetlie, O. Erik 2006. Two new Silurian species of Erypterus (Chelicerata: Erypterida) from Norway and Canada and the phylogeny of the genus. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 4, 4, 397-412. DOI:10.1017/S147720190600192
Pärnaste, H. 2006. The Early Ordovician trilobite distribution and zonation of the East Baltic. Proceedings of the Estonian Academy of Sciences. Geology 55, 2, 109-127. DOI:10.3176/geol.2006.2.03
Axheimer, N. 2006. The Middle Cambrian Eodiscoid trilobite Dawsonia oelandica (Westergård, 1936). Journal of Paleontology 80, 1, 193-200. DOI:10.1666/0022-3360(2006)080[0193:TMCETD]2.0.CO;2
Pärnaste, H. 2006. The earliest encrinurid trilobites from the East Baltic and their taxonomic interest. Palaeontology 49, 1, 155-170. DOI:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2005.00535.x
Axheimer, N., Eriksson, M. E., Ahlberg, P., Bengtsson, A. 2006. The middle Cambrian cosmopolitan key species Lejopyge laevigata and its biozone: new data from Sweden. Geological Magazine 143, 4, 447-455. DOI:10.1017/S0016756806002007
Tinn, O., Meidla, T. 2004. Phylogenetic relationships of Early-Middle Ordovician ostracods of Baltoscandia. Palaeontology 47, 2, 199-221. DOI:10.1111/j.0031-0239.2004.00369.x
Pärnaste, H. 2004. Revision of the Ordovician cheirurid trilobite genus Reraspis with the description of the earliest representative. Proceedings of the Estonian Academy of Sciences. Geology 53, 2, 125-138. DOI:10.3176/geol.2004.2.03
Owens, R. M. 2004. Late Ordovician and early Silurian Proetida (Trilobita) from north‐western and central Europe. Palaeontology 47, 3, 557-578. DOI:10.1111/j.0031-0239.2004.00380.x
Holloway, D. J. 2004. The Trilobite Subfamily Monorakinae (Pterygometopidae). Palaeontology 47, 4, 1015-1036. DOI:10.1111/j.0031-0239.2004.00396.x
Ivantsov, A. Yu., Melnikova, L. M. 2003. Aseri, Lasnamägi and Uhaku Stages of the Ordovician in the Leningrad Region and the characteristics of trilobites and ostracods. Stratigraphy and Geological Correlation 11, 4, 24-40.
Tolmacheva, T., Egerquist, E., Meidla, T., Tinn, O., Holmer, L. 2003. Faunal composition and dynamics in unconsolidated sediments: a case study from the Middle Ordovician of the East Baltic. Geological Magazine 140, 1, 31-44. DOI:10.1017/S001675680200701X
Ivantsov, A. Yu. 2003. Ordovician Trilobites of the Subfamily Asaphinae of the Ladoga Glint. Paleontological Journal 37, Suppl.3, 1-337.
Pärnaste, H. 2003. The Lower Ordovician trilobite Krattaspis: the earliest cyrtometopinid (Cheiruridae) from the Arenig of the east Baltic. Special Papers in Palaeontology 70, 241-257.
Bird, C., Clarkson, E. 2003. Observations on the ontogeny of the upper Cambrian trilobite Peltura scarabaeoides westergaardi Henningsmoen, 1957. GFF 125, 4, 177-190. DOI:10.1080/11035890301254177
Maas, A., Waloszek, D., Müller, K. J. 2003. Morphology, ontogeny and phylogeny of the Phosphatocopina (Crustacea) from the Upper Cambrian ("Orsten" of Sweden). Fossils and Strata 49, 1-238.
Tinn, O., Meidla, T. 2002. An enigmatic early ?palaeocope ostracode from the Arenig of NW Russia. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 47, 4, 685-690.
Waloszek, D., Dunlop, J. A. 2002. A Larval Sea Spider (Arthropoda: Pycnogonida) from the Upper Cambrian 'orsten' of Sweden, and the Phylogenetic Position of Pycnogonids. Palaeontology 45, 3, 421-446. DOI:10.1111/1475-4983.00244
Krueger, H.-H. 2002. Atractocybeloides, eine kleinwüchsige Trilobitengattung aus baltoskandischen Geschieben und ihrem Anstehenden. Mitteilungen aus dem Museum für Naturkunde der Humboldt-Universität in Berlin 105-120.
Tetlie, O. E. 2002. A new Baltoeurypterus (Eurypterida: Cheliverata) from the Wenlock of Norway. Norsk Geologisk Tidsskrift 82, 1, 37-44.
Rõõmusoks, A. 2000. The new trilobite genus Valdariops from the Harju Series (Upper Ordovician) of Estonia. Proceedings of the Estonian Academy of Sciences. Geology 49, 1, 28-43. DOI:10.3176/geol.2000.1.03
Ivantsov, A. Yu. 2000. New Taxa of Asaphid Trilobites (Ptychopariida: Asaphinae) from the Ordovician of Leningrad Region. Paleontologicheski Zhurnal 4, 50-56.
Schallreuter, R. 2000. Ostracoden aus silurischen Geschieben V. Geologie und Paläontologie in Westfalen 55, 7-101.
Ebbestad, J. O. R. 1999. Trilobites of the Tremadoc Bjørkåsholmen Formation in the Oslo Region, Norway. Fossils and Strata 47, 1-118. DOI:10.18261/8200377024-1999
Melnikova, L. M. 1999. Ostracodes from the Billingen Horizon (Lower Ordovician) of the Leningrad Region. Paleontologicheski Zhurnal 2, 147-152.
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Rõõmusoks, A. 1998. Trilobites of the genus Toxochasmops from the Ordovician of Estonia. Proceedings of the Estonian Academy of Sciences. Geology 47, 3, 173-194. DOI:10.3176/geol.1998.3.04
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Schallreuter, R. 1995. Ostrakoden aus silurischen Geschieben II. Geologie und Paläontologie in Westfalen 34, 1-145.
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Leitud liigid
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Klassifikatsioon
organismirühmBiota
riikAnimalia
hõimkondAgmata
incertae sedis
Annelida
Arthropoda
alamhõimkondincertae sedis
Chelicerata
Crustacea
Trilobita
klassInsecta
Merostomoidea
infraklassPhosphatocopina
seltsAgnostida
Leperditicopida
Nektaspida
liikGdowia
hõimkondBrachiopoda
Bryozoa
Chordata
Cnidaria
Echinodermata
Hemichordata
Mollusca
Onychophora
Pogonophora
Porifera
Priapulida
alamhõimkondLophotrochozoa
klassChitinozoa
seltsHyolithelminthida
See also