organismirühm

Acritarcha Evitt, 1963

Akritarhid

Taksoni iseloomustus

Akritarhid on ümarad, sageli karvased või ogalised, orgaanilise kestaga mikrofossiilid. Nende suurus jääb tüüpiliselt 10-50 mikroni (0.01-0.05 mm) piiridesse.

Akritarhide täpne süstemaatiline kuuluvus on ebaselge. Õigemini, termin akritarhid ongi loodud hõlmamaks tundmatu kuuluvusega ümaraid mikrofossiile. Seega, kui fossiili bioloogiline päritolu on välja selgitatud, ei saa ta enam kuuluda akritarhide hulka. Arvatakse siiski, et enamiku akritarhide puhul on tegemist üherakuliste autotroofsete vetikate puhkestaadiumi ehk tsüstiga, ning et akritarhide asend "Elu puus" on lähedane tänapäevalgi laialt levinud dinoflagelaatidega. 

Valik taksonit käsitlevast teaduskirjandusest
Golubkova, E. Y., Bobrovskiy, I. M., Kushim, E. A., Plotkina, Y. V. 2021. Fossil Organisms of the Redkino Regional Stage of the Upper Vendian of the Northwestern Russian Platform (Leningrad Region). Paleontological Journal 55, 5, 579-587. DOI:10.1134/S0031030121050051
Moczydłowska, M. 2011. The early Cambrian phytoplankton radiation: acritarch evidence from the Lükati Formation, Estonia. Palynology 35, 1, 103-145. DOI:10.1080/01916122.2011.552563
Goldman, D., Leslie, S. A., Nõlvak, J., Young, S. 2007. The Black Knob Ridge section, southeastern Oklahoma, USA: The global stratotype-section and point (GSSP) for the base of Katian Stage of the Upper Ordovician series. Acta Palaeontologica Sinica 46, Suppl, 144-154.
Ribecai, C., Raevskaya, E., Tongiorgi, M. 2002. Sacculidium gen. nov. (Acritarcha), a new representative of the Ordovician Stelomorpha–Tranvikium plexus. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 121, 3-4, 163-203. DOI:10.1016/S0034-6667(02)00088-X
Talyzina, N. M., Moldowan, J., Johannisson, A., Fago, F. J. 2000. Affinities of Early Cambrian acritarchs studied by using microscopy, fluorescence flow cytometry and biomarkers. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 108, 1-2, 37-53. DOI:10.1016/S0034-6667(99)00032-9
Mens, K., Paalits, I., Puura, I. 1999. Biostratigraphic dating of pebbles from the Upper Cambrian conglomerates in Estonia. Proceedings of the Estonian Academy of Sciences. Geology 48, 3, 140-157. DOI:10.3176/geol.1999.3.02
Paalits, I. 1995. Acritarchs from the Cambrian-Ordovician boundary beds at Tõnismägi, Tallinn, North Estonia. Proceedings of the Estonian Academy of Sciences. Geology 44, 2, 87-96. DOI:10.3176/geol.1995.2.02
Sarjeant, W. A. S., Stancliffe, R. P. W. 1994. The acritarch genus Verynachidium, Deunff 1954, emend Sarjeant and Stancliffe 1994: a reassessment of its constituent species. Annales de la Société Géologique de Belgique 40, 3, 223-241.
Paalits, I. 1992. Upper Cambrian acritarchs from the Petseri Formation (East European Platform). Acta et Commentationes Universitatis Tartuensis 956, 44-55.
Paalits, I. 1992. Upper Cambrian acritarchs from boring core M-72 of North Estonia. Proceedings of the Estonian Academy of Sciences. Geology 41, 1, 29-37. DOI:10.3176/geol.1992.1.04
Uutela, A., Tynni, R. 1991. Ordovician acritarchs from the Rapla borehole, Estonia. Geological Survey of Finland. Bulletin 353, 1-135.
Smelror, M. 1991. Palynomorphs from the Cyrtograptus centrifugus graptolite zone (Early Wenlock, Silurian), Bornholm. Bulletin of the Geological Society of Denmark 39, 2, 83-89. DOI:10.37570/bgsd-1991-39-02
Volkova, N. A., Siverzeva, I. A. 1991. New Tremadocian acritarchs from the north of the Russian Plate. Paleontologicheski Zhurnal 3, 119-123.
Righi, E. 1991. Ampullula, a new acritarch genus from the Ordovician (Arenig-Llanvirn) of Öland, Sweden. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 68, 1-2, 119-126. DOI:10.1016/0034-6667(91)90060-G
Eklund, K. 1990. Lower Cambrian acritarch stratigraphy of the Bårstad 2 core, Östergötland, Sweden. GFF 112, 1, 19-44. DOI:10.1080/11035899009453157
Volkova, N. A. 1990. Мiddle and Upper Cambrian acritarchs in the East-European platform. pp. 1-115. Nauka.
Volkova, N. A., Golub, I. N. 1985. New Middle Cambrian acritarchs of the Leningrad Region (Ladoga Formation). Paleontologicheski Zhurnal 4, 90-98.
Volkova, N. A. 1985. Akritarhy i drugie rastitel'nye mikrofossilii Vostočno-Evropejskoj platformy. pp. 130-139. Nauka.
Uutela, A. 1983. Ordovikisia konodontteja Lounais-Suomen kalkkikivistä. Geologi 35, 9-10, 140-141.
Mens, K., Paškevičiene, L. 1981. Environmental control in the distribution of acritarchs in the Lontova Stage of Estonia. Eesti NSV Teaduste Akadeemia Toimetised. Geoloogia / Известия Академии наук Эстонской ССР. Геология 30, 4, 148-155. DOI:10.3176/geol.1981.4.02
Volkova, N., Kajak, K., Mens, K., Pirrus, E. 1981. New data on Cambrian-Ordovician transitional beds in the eastern part of the East Baltic. Eesti NSV Teaduste Akadeemia Toimetised. Geoloogia / Известия Академии наук Эстонской ССР. Геология 30, 2, 51-55. DOI:10.3176/geol.1981.2.02
Bockelie, T. G., Kjellström, G. 1979. Middle Ordovician acritarchs from the island of Odinsholm, Estonia. GFF 101, 3, 205-216. DOI:10.1080/11035897909448574
Volkova, N. A., Kiryanov, V. V., Piskun, L. V., Paškevičiene, L. T., Jankauskas, T. V. 1979. Microflora. Upper Precambrian and Cambrian paleontology of East-European platform, pp. 4-38. Nauka.
Gnilovskaya, M. B. 1979. Vendotenida. Upper Precambrian and Cambrian Paleontology of East-European Platform, pp. 39-48. Nauka.
Jankauskas, T., Posti, E. 1976. New Cambrian acritarchs from the East Baltic Area. Eesti NSV Teaduste Akadeemia Toimetised. Keemia, Geoloogia / Известия Академии наук Эстонской ССР. Химия. Геология 25, 2, 145-151. DOI:10.3176/chem.geol.1976.2.07
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Jankauskas, T. V. 1975. New Lower Cambrian acritarchs of the Baltic. Paleontologicheski Zhurnal 1, 94-104.
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Leitud liigid
1. ?Cymatiogalea procuvillieri Paalits, 1995 | Ülem-Kambrium (endine liigestus)
6. Acanthodiacrodium timofeevii Golub et Volkova, 1985 | Ülem-Kambrium (endine liigestus)
9. Acrosphaeridium densum Uutela et Tynni, 1991 | Lasnamäe lade→Keila lade
10. Acrosphaeridium esthonicum Uutela et Tynni, 1991 | Rakvere lade→Pirgu lade
12. Actipillion druggii Loeblich, 1970 | Nabala lade→Pirgu lade
13. Akomachra ovula Colbath, 1979 | Kunda lade→Uhaku lade
20. Ampullula suetica Righi, 1991 | Darriwili lade→Sandby lade
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Klassifikatsioon
organismirühmBiota
Protista
Acritarcha
ülemperekondAcanthosphaera
perekondAcanthodiacrodium
Acrosphaeridium
Actinotodissus
Actipillion
Akomachra
Ambiguaspora
Ammonidium
Aranidium
Arbusculidium
Archaeodiscina
Archaeopsophosphaera
Archaeosacculina
Arcosphaeridium
Aremoricanium
Arkonia
Aryballomorpha
Asteridium
Athabascaella
Axisphaeridium
Bacisphaeridium
Baltisphaeridium
Buchinia
Buedingiisphaeridium
Caldariola
Calyxiella
Carinatosphaeridium
Celtiberium
Ceratophyton
Cheleutochroa
Chlamydosphaeridia
Comasphaeridium
Coronitesta
Coryphidium
Costatilobus
Cristallinium
Cycloposphaeridium
Cymatiogalea
Cymatiosphaera
Dactylofusa
Dasydiacrodium
Dateriocradus
Deunffia
Dicommopalla
Dictyosphaeridium
Dictyotidium
Diexallophasis
Dilatisphaera
Domasia
Dominopolia
Dorsennidium
Elektroriskos
Elenia
Eliasum
Estiastra
Evittia
Excultibrachium
Ferromia
Filisphaeridium
Fimbriaglomerella
Florisphaeridium
Globosphaeridium
Goniosphaeridium
Gorgonisphaeridium
Granomarginata
Gyalorhethium
Hapsidopalla
Heliosphaeridium
Helosphaeridium
Impluviculus
Izhoria
Joehvisphaera
Kildinella
Kundasphaera
Labyrinthosphaeridium
Lacunosphaeridium
Ladogella
Leiofusa
Leiomarginata
Leiosphaeridia
Leiovalia
Liepaina
Liliosphaeridium
Loeblichia
Lophominuscula
Lophosphaeridium
Lunulidia
Lusatia
Margoporina
Metaleiofusa
Micrhystridium
Microconcentrica
Multiplicisphaeridium
Nanocyclopia
Navifusa
Nellia
Nexosarium
Nodosus
Nothooidium
Ooidium
Oppilatala
Ordovicidium
Orthosphaeridium
Ovulum
Pachysphaeridium
Palaeocladophora
Palaeomonostroma
Parmasphaeridium
Passalosphaera
Petaloferidium
Peteinosphaeridium
Pheoclosterium
Pirea
Podolina
Poikilofusa
Polyancistrodorus
Polyedryxium
Polygonium
Primoflagella
Primophlagella
Priscogaleata
Priscotheca
Protosphaeridium
Pseudotasmanites
Pterospermella
Pterospermopsimorpha
Pterospermopsis
Pulvinosphaeridium
Raphesphaera
Raplasphaera
Revinotesta
Rhopaliophora
Sacculidium
Saharidia
Salopidium
Schismatosphaeridium
Schizodiacrodium
Skiagia
Solisphaeridium
Spumiosa
Stellechinatum
Stelliferidium
Stelomorpha
Stictosoma
Striatotheca
Synsphaeridium
Taeniosphaeridium
Tasmanites
Teophipolia
Timofeevia
Tranvikium
Trichosphaeridium
Trunculumarium
Tuberculum
Tunisphaeridium
Tylotopalla
Tynnia
Veryhachium
Vesiculosphaera
Villosacapsula
Visbysphaera
Vogtlandia
Volkovia
Vulcanisphaera
Winwaloeusia
Zinkovioides
alamperekondBrochopsophosphaera
Eupoikilofusa
liikAmpullula
Leiodiscina
määratlemataRetisphaeridium
organismirühmCalcitarcha
hõimkondDinoflagellata
Radiolaria
See also