Organism group

Incertae sedis (fossils)

Selection of related publications

Vinn, O., Nanglu, K., Wilson, M. A., Isakar, M., Toom, U. 2025. Ediacaran-type non-mineralized tube-dwelling organisms persisted into the early Cambrian (Terreneuvian) in Baltica. Gondwana Research 137, 29-35. DOI:10.1016/j.gr.2024.09.009

Slater, B. J., Bohlin, M. S. 2022. Animal origins: The record from organic microfossils. Earth-Science Reviews 232, 104107. DOI:10.1016/j.earscirev.2022.104107

Vinn, O., Wilson, M. A., Madison, A., Kazantseva, E., Toom, U. 2022. First symbiotic association between hederelloids and rugose corals (latest Silurian of Saaremaa, Estonia). Palaios 37, 7, 368-373. DOI:10.2110/palo.2022.005

Golubkova, E. Y., Bobrovskiy, I. M., Kushim, E. A., Plotkina, Y. V. 2021. Fossil Organisms of the Redkino Regional Stage of the Upper Vendian of the Northwestern Russian Platform (Leningrad Region). Paleontological Journal 55, 5, 579-587. DOI:10.1134/S0031030121050051

Hints, O., Nõlvak, J., Liang, Y. 2021. Possible metazoan egg fossils from the Darriwilian (Middle Ordovician) of Baltoscandia. Estonian Journal of Earth Sciences 70, 4, 240-252. DOI:10.3176/earth.2021.16

Ivantsov, A., Zakrevskaya, M. 2021. Dickinsonia: mobile and adhered. Geological Magazine 1-16. DOI:10.1017/S0016756821000194

Ivantsov, A. Yu., Zakrevskaya, M. A. 2021. Trilobozoa, Precambrian Tri-Radial Organisms. Paleontological Journal 55, 7, 727-741. DOI:10.1134/S0031030121070066

Burrow, C. 2021. Handbook of Paleoichthyology. Vol. 5. Acanthodii, Stem Chondrichthyes. pp. 1-171. Verlag Dr Friedrich Pfeil.

Kleppe, K. S., Nakerm, H. A., Stouge, S. 2018. Cambrian (Series 3 – Furongian) conodonts from the Alum Shale Formation at Slemmestad, Oslo Region, Norway. Norwegian Journal of Geology 98, 1, 41-53. DOI:10.17850/njg98-1-04

Slater, B. J., Harvey, T. H. P., Butterfield, N. J. 2018. Small carbonaceous fossils (SCFs) from the Terreneuvian (lower Cambrian) of Baltica. Palaeontology 61, 3, 417-439. DOI:10.1111/pala.12350

Golubkova, E. Y., Kushim, E. A., Kuznetsov, A. B., Yanovskii, A. S., Maslov, A. V., Shvedov, S. D., Plotkina, Y. V. 2018. Redkinian Biota of Macroscopic Fossils from the Northwestern East European Platform (South Ladoga Region). Geology 479, 1, 300-304. DOI:10.1134/S1028334X18030169

Pinakhina, D. V., Märss, T. 2018. The Middle Devonian acanthodian assemblage of the Karksi outcrop in Estonia. Estonian Journal of Earth Sciences 67, 1, 96-111. DOI:10.3176/earth.2018.07

Glinskiy, V. N., Pinakhina, D. V. 2018. New data on psammosteid heterostracans (Pteraspidomorpha) and acanthodians (Acanthodii) from the Pärnu Regional Stage (Lower Eifelian, Middle Devonian) of Estonia. Estonian Journal of Earth Sciences 67, 1, 76-87. DOI:10.3176/earth.2018.05

Jarochowska, E., Munnecke, A. 2016. Late Wenlock carbon isotope excursions and associated conodont fauna in the Podlasie Depression, eastern Poland: a not-so-big crisis?. Geological Journal 51, 5, 683-703. DOI:10.1002/gj.2674

Burrow, C., den Blaauwen, J., Newman, M., Davidson, R. 2016. The diplacanthid fishes (Acanthodii, Diplacanthiformes, Diplacanthidae) from the Middle Devonian of Scotland. Palaeontologia Electronica 19, 1, 1-83. DOI:Devononchus concinnus

Jarochowska, E., Hierl, F., Vinn, O., Munnecke, A. 2016. Reducing taxonomic noise in problematic fossils: revision of the incertae sedis genus Allonema based on shape analysis. Bulletin of Geosciences 91, 1, 97-110. DOI:10.3140/bull.geosci.1588

Zatoń, M., Vinn, O., Toom, U. 2016. A new microconchid species from the Silurian of Baltica. Estonian Journal of Earth Sciences 65, 2, 115-123. DOI:10.3176/earth.2016.09

Jarochowska, E., Munnecke, A. 2014. The Paleozoic problematica Wetheredella and Allonema are two aspects of the same organism. Facies 60, 2, 651-662. DOI:10.1007/s10347-014-0399-z

Vasiļkova, J., Lukševičs, E., Stinkulis, Ģ., Zupiņš, I. 2012. Taphonomy of the vertebrate bone beds from the Klūnas fossil site, Upper Devonian Tērvete Formation of Latvia. Estonian Journal of Earth Sciences 61, 2, 105-119. DOI:10.3176/earth.2012.2.03

Märss, T., Kleesment, A., Niit, M. 2008. Karksilepis parva gen. et sp. nov. (Chondrichthyes) from the Burtnieki Regional Stage, Middle Devonian of Estonia. Estonian Journal of Earth Sciences 57, 4, 219-230. DOI:10.3176/earth.2008.4.02

Landing, E., Peng, S., Babcock, L. E., Geyer, G., Moczydlowska-Vidal, M. 2007. Global standard names for the Lowermost Cambrian Series and Stage. Episodes 30, 4, 287-289. DOI:10.18814/epiiugs/2007/v30i4/004

Vinn, O. 2005. The tube ultrastructure of serpulids (Annelida, Polychahaeta) Pentaditrypa subtorquata, Cretaceous, and Nogrobs cf. vertebralis, Jurassic, from Germany. Proceedings of the Estonian Academy of Sciences. Geology 54, 4, 260-265. DOI:10.3176/geol.2005.4.03

Valiukevičius, J. 2004. New Wenlock -Pridoli (Silurian) acanthodian fishes from Lithuania. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 49, 1, 147-160.

Lukševičs, E., Zupinš, I. 2004. Sedimentology, fauna, and taphonomy of the Pavâri site, Late Devonian of Latvia. Acta Universitatis Latviensis 679, 99-119.

Niit, M. 2004. Applicability of microfossils of the Burtnieki Stage in stratigraphy [Bakalaureusetöö. Juhendaja: E. Pirrus; kaasjuhendajad: A.-L. Kleesment, T. Märss]. bakalaureusetöö, pp. . Tallinna Tehnikaülikooli mäeinstituut.

Jensen, S. 2003. The Proterozoic and Earliest Cambrian Trace Fossil Record; Patterns, Problems and Perspectives. Integrative and Comparative Biology 43, 1, 219-228. DOI:10.1093/icb/43.1.219

Sutton, M. D., Holmer, L. E., Cherns, L. 2001. Small problematic phosphatic sclerites from the Ordovician of Iapetus. Journal of Paleontology 75, 1, 1-8. DOI:10.1017/S0022336000031863

Munnecke, A., Servais, T., Vachard, D. 2000. A New Family Of Calcareous Microfossils From The Silurian Of Gotland, Sweden. Palaeontology 43, 6, 1153-1172. DOI:10.1111/1475-4983.00165

Nitecki M. H., Mutvei, H., Nitecki, D. V. 1999. Receptaculitids: A Phylogenetic Debate on a Problematic Fossil Taxon. pp. 1-241. Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers.

Valiukevičius, J. 1998. Acanthodians and zonal stratigraphy of Lower and Middle Devonian in East Baltic and Byelorussia. Palaeontographica A-248, 1-53.

Pirrus, E. 1992. Freshening of the late Vendian basin on the East European Craton. Proceedings of the Estonian Academy of Sciences. Geology 41, 3, 115-123. DOI:10.3176/geol.1992.3.03

Kõrts, A. 1991. Distribution of calcareous algae, oncolites and stromatolites in Wenlock-Ludlow boundary beds in Estonia. Proceedings of the Estonian Academy of Sciences. Geology 40, 2, 43-49. DOI:10.3176/geol.1991.2.02

Kõrts, A., Einasto, R., Männil, Ralf, Radionova, E. 1990. Calcareous algae. pp. 97-100. Estonian Academy of Sciences.

Valiukevičius, J. J. 1988. Novye vidy akantodov iz srednego devona Pribaltiki i Belorussii. Paleontologicheski Zhurnal 1988, 2, 80-86.

Radionova, E., Einasto, R. 1986. The algal communities, their facies relations in the East Baltic Wenlock and Ludlow. Theory and practice of ecostratigraphy, pp. 163-185. Valgus.

Valiukevičius, J., Karatajūtė-Talimaa, V. 1986. Kompleks češuj akantodov iz osnovaniâ srednego devona Pribaltiki i Belorussii. Biofacies and fauna of the Silurian and Devonian basins of the Baltic, pp. 110-122. Zinatne.

Fedonkin, M. A. 1985. Sistematičeskoe opisanie vendskih Metazoa. pp. 70-106. Nauka.

Valiukevičius, J. J. 1985. Akantody narovskogo gorizonta Glavnogo devonskogo polâ. pp. 1-143. Mokslas.

Miagkova, E. I. 1981. Receptaculites poelmi Miagkova sp. nov.. Transactions of the Institute of Geology and Geophysics 481, 38-41. Nauka.

Istchenko, A. A., Radionova, E. P. 1981. O morfologicheskikh osobennostjakh i sistematicheskom polozhenii roda Wetheredella Wood, 1948 [О морфологических особенностях и систематическом положении рода Wetheredella Wood, 1948]. Voprosy mikropaleontologii 24, 140-151.

Schallreuter, R. 1980. Ordovizische Problematika, II. Microancientia gen. n.. Paläontologische Zeitschrift 54, 3/4, 313-318. DOI:10.1007/BF02988133

Brummer, G. J. A. 1979. Palaeobiology of Tetragonis sulcata d'Eichwald, 1860, an Ordovician receptaculite in erratics from the northern Netherlands. Scripta Geologica 53, 1-40.

Riding, R. 1979. Calcareous algae. Sveriges Geologiska Undersökning 73, 3, 54-62.

Volkova, N. A., Kiryanov, V. V., Piskun, L. V., Paškevičiene, L. T., Jankauskas, T. V. 1979. Microflora. Upper Precambrian and Cambrian paleontology of East-European platform, pp. 4-38. Nauka.

Palij, V. M., Posti, E., Fedonkin, M. A. 1979. Soft-bodied Metazoa and trace fossils of Vendian and Lower Cambrian. Upper Precambrian and Cambrian Paleontology of East-European Platform, pp. 49-82. Nauka.

Voronova, L. G., Radionova, E. P. 1976. Paleozoic Algae and Microphytolites. Trudy GIN AN SSSR 294, 1-220. Nauka.

Rõõmusoks, A. 1970. Stratigraphy of the Viruan Series (Middle Ordovician) in Northern Estonia, I. pp. 1-346. Valgus.

Männil, R. M. 1959. Questions of stratigraphy and bryozoans of the Ordovician of Estonia. pp. 1-852. Institut Geologii Akademii Nauk Estonskoi SSR.

Öpik, A. 1930. Beiträge zur Kenntnis der Kukruse-(C2-C3-)Stufe in Eesti. IV. Tartu Ülikooli Geoloogia Instituudi Toimetused 24, 1-34.

Öpik, A. 1925. Beitrag zur Stratigraphie und Fauna des estnischen Unter-Kambriums (Eophyton-Sandstein). Tartu Ülikooli Geoloogia Instituudi Toimetused 3, 1-19. Geoloogia-Instituut.

Bassler, R. S. 1911. The Early Paleozoic Bryozoa of the Baltic Provinces. Bulletin of the US National Museum 77, 1-382.

Rothpletz, A. 1908. Ueber Algen und hydrozoen im Silur von Gotland und Oesel. Kungliga Svenska Vetenskapsakademiens Handlingar 43, 5, 1-25.

Ulrich, E. O., Bassler, R. S. 1904. A revision of Paleozoic Bryozoa, Part I. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 45, 256-294.

Rauff, H. 1892. Untersuchungen über die Organisation und systematische Stellung der Receptaculitiden. Abhandlungen der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften 17, 645-722.

Eichwald, E. 1861. Paleontologiâ Rossii. Drevnij period. II. Fauna grauvakkovoj, gornoizvestkovoj i medistoslancevatoj formacij Rossii. pp. 1-521. R. Golike (former Ya. Ionsona).

Eichwald, E. 1860. Lethaea Rossica ou Paléontologie de la Russie. Premier volume. Ancienne Période en deux sections. pp. XIX+1–1657. E. Schweizerbart. DOI:10.5962/bhl.title.52391

Eichwald, E. 1855. Beitrag zur geographischen Verbreitung der fossilen Thiere Russlands. Alte Periode. Bulletin de la Société Imperiale des Naturalistes de Moscou 28, 4, 433-466.

List of species

1. Albumares brunsae Fedonkin, 1976 | Kotlin Stage

2. Alliumella baltica Vanderflit, 1971 | Lower Cambrian (old nomenclature)

3. Allonema aggregatum Ulrich et Bassler, 1904 | Wenlock→Middle Devonian

4. Allonema botelloides Ulrich et Bassler, 1904 | Silurian

5. Allonema botellus (Vine, 1884) | Silurian

6. Allonema moniliforme (Whiteaves, 1891) | Wenlock→Middle Devonian

7. Allonema silurica (Wood, 1948)

8. Allonema subfusiforme Ulrich & Bassler, 1904a

9. Anfesta stankovskii Fedonkin, 1985 | Kotlin Stage

10. Arouxina pluricellata Munnecke, Servais et Vachard, 2000 | Wenlock

11. Ascodictyon venustum Kiepura, 1965

12. Clistrocystis graptolithophilius Kozłowski, 1959 | Ordovician

13. Devononchus concinnus (Gross, 1930) | Abava Substage→Amata Stage

14. Devononchus ketleriensis Gross, 1947 | Famennian

15. Devononchus laevis (Gross, 1933) | Frasnian

16. Devononchus tenuispinus (Gross, 1933) | Famennian

17. Diplacanthus carinatus Gross, 1973 | Narva Stage→Burtnieki Stage

18. Diplacanthus crassisimus Duff, 1842

19. Diplacanthus gravis Valiukevičius, 1988 | Aruküla Stage→Burtnieki Stage

20. Diplacanthus kleesmentae Valiukevičius, 1986 | Rezekne Stage→Pärnu Stage

Klassificering

Organism group	Biota
Domain	Bacteria
	Eubacteria
	Eukaryota
Ichnofossil group	Bioclaustration structures
	Ichnofossils
Organism group	Incertae sedis (fossils)
Infraclass	Calcified Microproblematica
Family	Ancientidae
	Ovummuridae
Genus	Alliumella
	Clistrocystis
	Lontohystrichosphaera
	Polytrichoides
	Rugosoopsis
	Vikisphaera
Species	Skolithos declinatus
Phylum	Retaria