Superfamily
Retiolitoidea Lapworth, 1873
Selection of related publications
Kozłowska, A., Bates, D., Zalasiewicz, J., Radzevičius, S. 2019. Evolutionary significance of the retiolitine Gothograptus (Graptolithina) with four new species from the Silurian of the East European Platform (Baltica), Poland and Lithuania . Zootaxa 4568, 3, 435. DOI:10.11646/zootaxa.4568.3.2
Kozłowska, A. 2016. A new generic name, Semigothograptus, for Gothograptus? meganassa Rickards & Palmer, 2002, from the Silurian post-lundgreni Biozone recovery phase, and comparative morphology of retiolitids from the lowermost upper Homerian (upper Wenlock). Zootaxa 4208, 6, 534-546. DOI:10.11646/zootaxa.4208.6.2
Männik, P., Loydell, D. K., Nestor, V., Nõlvak, J. 2015. Integrated Upper Ordovician–lower Silurian biostratigraphy of the Grötlingbo-1 core section, Sweden. GFF 137, 3, 226-244. DOI:10.1080/11035897.2015.1042032
Maletz, J., Ahlberg, P., Suyarkova, A., Loydell, D. K. 2014. Silurian graptolite biostratigraphy of the Röstånga-1 drill core, Scania – a standard for southern Scandinavia. GFF 136, 1, 175-178. DOI:10.1080/11035897.2013.865665
Bergström, S. M., Eriksson, M. E., Young, S. A., Ahlberg, P., Schmitz, B. 2014. Hirnantian (latest Ordovician) d13C chemostratigraphy in southern Sweden and globally: a refined integration with the graptolite and conodont zone successions. GFF 136, 2, 355-386. DOI:10.1080/11035897.2013.851734
Kozłowska, A., Radzevičius, S. 2013. Upper Homerian and Gorstian (Silurian) Retiolitidae (Graptolithina) from Lithuania and Latvia. Memoirs of the Association of Australasian Palaeontologists 44, 11-23.
Radzevičius, S. 2013. Silurian graptolite biozones of Lithuania: present and perspectives. Geologija 55, 2(82), 41-49. DOI:10.6001/geologija.v55i2.2757
Kozłowska, A., Bates, D. E. B. 2013. Kirkigraptus, a new retiolitid graptolite from Poland. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 53, 1, 105–112. DOI:10.4202/app.2008.0107
Loydell, D. K., Nestor, V., Männik, P. 2010. Integrated biostratigraphy of the lower Silurian of the Kolka-54 core, Latvia. Geological Magazine 147, 2, 253-280. DOI:10.1017/S0016756809990574
Kozłowska, A., Lenz, A., Melchin, M. 2009. Evolution of the RetiolitidNeogothograptus(Graptolithina) and Its New Species from the Upper Wenlock of Poland, Baltica. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 54, 3, 423-434. DOI:10.4202/app.2008.0022
Loydell, D. K., Jeppsson, L. 2006. Graptolites from the Lower and Upper Visby formations of NW Gotland. GFF 128, 2, 159-160. DOI:10.1080/11035890601282159
Bates, D. E. B., Kozłowska, A., Maletz, J., Kirk, N. H., Lenz, A. 2006. The Silurian retiolitid graptolite Plectograptus: New observations and new species. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 51, 3, 525-540.
Loydell, D. K., Männik, P., Nestor, V. 2003. Integrated biostratigraphy of the lower Silurian of the Aizpute-41 core, Latvia. Geological Magazine 140, 2, 205-229. DOI:10.1017/S0016756802007264
Kozłowska-Dawidziuk, A. 2002. Agastograptus, a synonym of Plectograptus (Retiolitidae, Graptolithina). Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 47, 3, 459-467.
Kozłowska-Dawidziuk, A. 2001. Phylogenetic relationships within the Retiolitidae (Graptolithina) and a new genus, Cometograptus. Lethaia 34, 1, 84 - 96. DOI:10.1080/002411601300068314
Loydell, D. K., Kaljo, D., Männik, P. 1998. Integrated biostratigraphy of the lower Silurian of the Ohesaare core, Saaremaa, Estonia. Geological Magazine 135, 6, 769-783. DOI:10.1017/S0016756898001423
Urbanek, A. 1997. Late Ludfordian and early Přidoli monograptids from the Polish Lowland. Palaeontologia Polonica 56, 87-231.
Kozłowska-Dawidziuk, A. 1997. Retiolitid graptolite Spinograptus from Poland and its membrane structures. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 42, 3, 505-518.
Kozłowska-Dawidziuk, A. 1995. Silurian retiolitids of the East European Platform. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 40, 3, 261-326.
Kozłowska-Dawidziuk, A. 1991. Agastograptus from the Mulde beds of Gotland. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 36, 2, 143-149.
Kozłowska-Dawidziuk, A. 1990. The genus Gothograptus (Graptolithina) from the Wenlock of Poland. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 35, 3-4, 191-209.
Bassett, M. G., Kaljo, D., Teller, L. 1989. The Baltic region. National Museum of Wales, Geological Series 9, 158-170. National Museum of Wales.
Ulst, R. 1986. Osobennosti stroeniâ proksimpli u nekotoryh llandoverijskih graptolitov Latvii.Biofacies and fauna of the Silurian and Devonian basins of the Baltic , pp. 22-24. Zinatne.
Ulst, R. Ž., Gailite, L. K., Springis, T. K. 1984. Lithostratigraphic subdivision of the subsurface Ordovician rocks of the Jelgeva Depression.Stratigrafiâ drevnepaleozojskih otloženij Pribaltiki , pp. 63-76. Eesti NSV Teaduste Akadeemia.
Paškevičius, J. 1979. Biostratigraphy and Graptolites of the Lithuanian Silurian. pp. 1-267. Mokslas.
Ulst, R. Ž. 1974. The early sequence of Pristiograpts in conterminous deposits of Wenlock and Ludlow of the Middle Pribaltic.Graptolites of the USSR , pp. 105-122. Nauka.
Kaljo, D., Vingisaar, P. 1969. On the sequence of the Raikküla stage in southernmost Estonia. Eesti NSV Teaduste Akadeemia Toimetised. Keemia, Geoloogia / Известия Академии наук Эстонской ССР. Химия. Геология 18, 3, 270-277. DOI:10.3176/chem.geol.1969.3.10
Gailite, L. K., Rybnikova, M. V., Ulst, R. Ž. 1967. Stratigrafiâ, fauna i usloviâ obrazovaniâ silurijskih porod Srednej Pribaltiki. pp. 1-304. Zinatne.
Obut, A. M. 1960. Correlation of some parts of Estonian Ordovician and Silurian deposits according to graptolites. ENSV TA Geoloogia Instituudi uurimused V, 143-157.
Obut, A. M. 1957. Kassifikaciâ i ukazatel' rodov graptolitov. Ežegodnik Vsesoûznogo Paleontologičeskogo Obŝestva XVI, 11-47. Gosudarstvennoe Nauchno-tehnicheskoe Izdatel'stvao Literatury po Geologi i Ohrane Hedr.
Thorslund, P. 1948. On the Silurian beds above the Pentamerus limestone in Jemtland. Description of fossils. Sveriges Geologiska Undersökning 42, 3, 1-37.
Schmidt, Fr. 1858. Untersuchungen über die Silurische Formation von Ehstland, Nord-Livland und Oesel. Archiv für die Naturkunde Liv-, Ehst- und Kurlands 2, 1, 1-249. Heinrich Laakmann.
List of species
1. Cephalograptus cometa (Geinitz, 1852) | Llandovery
2. Comograptus barbatus (Elles et Wood, 1907) | Llandovery
3. Comograptus comatus Obut et Sobolevskaya, 1968 | Llandovery
4. Dimorphograptoides physopora (Nicholson, 1868) | Llandovery
9. Gothograptus kozlowskii Kozłowska-Dawidziuk, 1990 | Homerian
11. Gothograptus obtectus Kozłowska-Dawidziuk, 1990 | Homerian
12. Gothograptus pseudospinosus (Eisenack, 1951) | Wenlock
13. Gothograptus tenuis (Eisenack, 1951) | Wenlock
15. Holoretiolites erraticus Eisenack, 1951 | Ludlow
16. Holoretiolites mancki (Münch, 1931) | Silurian
17. Holoretiolites manckoides Kozłowska-Dawidziuk, 1995 | Ludlow
18. Kirkigraptus inexpectans Kozłowska et Bates, 2008 | Ludlow
19. Metabolograptus extraordinarius (Sobolevskaya, 1974) | Hirnantian
20. Metabolograptus parvulus (Lapworth, 1900) | Hirnantian
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Classification
| Organism group | Biota |
| Kingdom | Animalia |
| Phylum | Hemichordata |
| Class | Pterobranchia |
| Subclass | Graptolithina |
| Order | Graptoloidea |
| Suborder | Axonophora |
| Infraorder | Diplograptina |
| Neograptina | |
| Superfamily | Retiolitoidea |
| Family | Neodiplograptidae |
| Retiolitidae | |
| Climacograptidae | |
| Dicranograptidae | |
| Lasiograptidae | |
| Monograptidae | |
| Subfamily | Orthograptinae |