Planolites beverleyensis (Billings, 1862)

Overview

Taxon description

Mikuláš et al., 2013

Straight, moderately to conspicuously curved, smooth, exceptionally branching tunnels of circular outline, parallel to oblique to the bedding, preserved as full reliefs or convex hyporeliefs. Diameter of tunnels ranges usually from 2 to 6 mm; length of preserved sections may reach few decimetres. Tunnels present on one bed or bedding plane show usually a constant diameter.

Hofmann et al., 2012

Description.—Subcylindrical to cylindrical, horizontal vermiform structures with irregularly constricted surface, predominantly preserved as positive epirelief and hyporelief (Fig. 7.7). Width is 1 to 4 mm. Course is irregular, gently curved, or arcuate. Overlap among specimens is common. Fill is coarser-grained than the host rock.

Remarks.—The constrictions clearly point to an active infill. Deposit feeding was mostly constrained to an interfacial sand-mud boundary. Planolites beverleyensis differs from Planolites montanus in its curved to arcuate courses and more penetrative nature (Pemberton and Frey, 1982)

Stachacz, 2012b

Diagnosis. Relatively large, unlined, smooth, horizontal to undulant, straight to sinuous, cylindrical burrows. The filling typically
differs in colour from the surround ing sediment (Frey and Bromley, 1985).

Orłowski & Źylińska, 1996

Burrows cylindrical to flattened, with smooth walls, straight to slightly curved, very regular with insignificant variations in shape or diameter. They occur either isolated or densely cover bedding surfaces, overlapping each other. Their diameter ranges from 4 to 8 mm, length reaches up to 9 cm. Sometimes they occur within the sandstone bed being infilled with clay and differing in colour from the host rock; occasionally they remain empty. Convex epireliefs.

Pemberton & Frey, 1982

Predominantly cylindrical, smooth-walled, rarely toirregulerly branched or unbranched burrows, typically oriented more or less parallel with bedding. Some specimens are terete, and may exhibit slight distentions; most are cylindrical and straight toarcuate over appreciable lenghts. Rare specimens display discontinuous, poorly developed annulations. Occurenses range from single, isolated specimens to crowded masses in which crossowers, interpenetrations, and reburrowed segments are commen. Burrow density and substrate characteristics may modify burrow configurations. Preserved as endichna, hypichnal ridges, and epichnal grooves.

Synonymy list

1861 Palaeophycus congregatus — Billings, pp. 3

1862 Palaeophycus beverleyensis — Billings, pp. 97, fig. text fig. 86

1975 Planolites beverleyensis (Billings, 1862) — Alpert, pp. 513

1975 non Planolites beverleyensis (Billings, 1862) — Alpert, pp. 517, fig. 1:15; 3:1,7,8

1982 Planolites beverleyensis (Billings, 1862) — Pemberton & Frey, pp. 866, fig. 1:7; 2:5,8,9; 3:1,2,7,8; 5:1,2

1984 Planolites beverleyensis (Billings, 1862) — Pickerill et al., pp. 266, fig. 6c

1985 Planolites beverleyensis (Billings, 1862) — Frey & Howard, pp. 384, fig. 5.7, 10.11; 15; 16.9; 17

1985 Planolites beverleyensis — Crimes & Anderson, pp. 332, fig. 12.1

1985 Planolites beverleyensis (Billings, 1862) — Crimes & Anderson, pp. 331, fig. 12.1

1985 Planolites beverleyensis (Billings, 1862) — Frey & Bromley, pp. 811, fig. 13B

1986 Planolites beverleyensis (Billings, 1862) — Clausen & Vilhjalmsson, pp. 60, fig. Pl. III B

1989 Planolites beverleyensis (Billings, 1862) — Orłowski, pp. 216, fig. 13:3,4

1989 Planolites beverleyensis (Billings, 1862) — Orłowski, pp. 216, fig. pl. 13.3, 4.

1990 Planolites beverleyensis (Billings, 1862) — Dam, pp. 141, fig. 9E

1996 Planolites beverleyensis (Billings, 1862) — Orłowski & Żylińska, pp. 390, fig. 3C-E

1996 Planolites beverleyensis (Billings, 1862) — Paczesna, pp. 235, fig. 10E, I.

1998 Planolites beverleyensis (Billings, 1862) — Stanley & Pickerill, pp. 24, fig. 6:1

1999 Planolites beverleyensis Billings 1862 — Uchman, pp. 82, fig. 2:2, 4, 8-9

1999 Planolites beverleyensis (Billings, 1862) — Mizerski et. al., pp. 354, fig. 1.1a, 5a.

2001 Planolites beverleyensis (Billings, 1862) — Schlirf et al., pp. 85, fig. 16C

2003 Planolites beverleyensis (Billings, 1862) — Kim & Pickerill, pp. 48, fig. 4H, 5A

2003 Planolites beverleyensis Billings, 1862 — Leszczyński, pp. 115, fig. 15-3,27-2

2007 Planolites beverleyensis — Landing et al., pp. 288

2007 Planolites beverleyensis Billings, 1862 — Uchman, pp. 990, fig. 2 A, 4 F, 5 A, 6 C

2012 Planolites beverleyensis Billings, 1862 — Lima & Netto, pp. 15, fig. 4A,5C

2012 Planolites beverleyensis (Billings, 1862) — Fillmore et al., pp. 29

2012 Planolites beverleyensis (Billings, 1862) — Stachacz, pp. 111, fig. 6B

2013 Planolites beverleyensis (Billings, 1862) — Mikuláš et al., pp. 394, fig. 3E

2016 Planolites beverleyensis (Billings, 1862) — Neto de Carvalho et al., pp. 29, fig. 4C, 4D

2018 Planolites beverleyensis (Billings, 1862) — Strachacz et al., pp. 9, fig. 6E

2018 Planolites beverleyensis (Billings, 1862) — Hammersburg et al., pp. 31, fig. Fig. 15.3–15.5

2018 Planolites beverleyensis — Dorador et al., pp. 18, fig. 3F

Selection of related publications

Mikuláš, R., Meškis, S., Ivanov, A., Lukševičs, E., Zupinš, I., Stinkulis, G. 2013. A rich ichnofossil assemblage from the Frasnian (Upper Devonian) deposits at Andoma Hill, Onega Lake, Russia. Bulletin of Geosciences 88, 2, 389-400. DOI:10.3140/bull.geosci.1358

Landing, E., Peng, S., Babcock, L. E., Geyer, G., Moczydlowska-Vidal, M. 2007. Global standard names for the Lowermost Cambrian Series and Stage. Episodes 30, 4, 287-289. DOI:10.18814/epiiugs/2007/v30i4/004

Orłowski, S., Żylińska, A. 1996. Non-arthropod burrows from the Middle and Late Cambrian of the Holy Cross Mountains, Poland. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 41, 4, 385-409.

Clausen, C. K., Vilhjálmsson, M. 1986. Substrate control of lower Cambrian trace fossils from Bornholm, Denmark. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 56, 1-2, 51-68. DOI:10.1016/0031-0182(86)90107-0

References based on distribution