Superclass
Pentacrinoidea Jaekel, 1918
Selection of related publications
Ausich, W. I., Wilson, M. A., Toom, U. 2024. Early Silurian crinoid diversification on Baltica: Euspirocrinus varbolaensis sp. nov.. Estonian Journal of Earth Sciences 73, 1, 37-44. DOI:10.3176/earth.2024.05
Rozhnov, S. V. 2021. Two Coils in the Morphology of Myelodactylids (Crinoidea, Disparida): the Morphogenetic Basis of Their Formation and Adaptation Potential. Paleontological Journal 55, 9, 993-1012. DOI:10.1134/S0031030121090124
Ausich, W. I., Wilson, M. A., Tinn, O. 2020. Kalana Lagerstätte crinoids: Early Silurian (Llandovery) of central Estonia. Journal of Paleontology 94, 1, 131-144. DOI:10.1017/jpa.2019.27
Ausich, W. I., Wilson, M. A., Toom, U. 2020. Early Silurian recovery of Baltica crinoids following the end-Ordovician extinctions (Llandovery, Estonia). Journal of Paleontology 94, 3, 521-530. DOI:10.1017/jpa.2019.89
Wright, D. F., Toom, U. 2017. New crinoids from the Baltic region (Estonia): fossil tip-dating phylogenetics constrains the origin and Ordovician-Silurian diversification of the Flexibilia (Echinodermata). Palaeontology 60, 6, 893-910. DOI:10.1111/pala.12324
Ausich, W. I., Wilson, M. A. 2016. Llandovery (early Silurian) crinoids from Hiiumaa Island, western Estonia. Journal of Paleontology 90, 6, 1138-1147. DOI:10.1017/jpa.2016.120
Rozhnov, S. V. 2016. Aboral Nervous System in Two Ordovician Crinoids: Reconstruction and Comparison of Baltic Pentamerocrinus Jaekel and Grammocrinus Eichwald. Paleontological Journal 2, 58-67. DOI:10.1134/S0031030116020064
Ausich, W. I., Wilson, M. A., Vinn, O. 2015. Wenlock and Pridoli (Silurian) crinoids from Saaremaa, western Estonia (Phylum Echinodermata). Journal of Paleontology 89, 1, 72-81. DOI:10.1017/jpa.2014.6
Ausich, W. I., Rozhnov, S. V., Kammer, T. W. 2015. Iocrinid Crinoids from the Ordovician of the Baltic Region, Estonia. Paleontological Journal 49, 2, 145-152. DOI:10.1134/S0031030115020069
Ausich, W. I., Wilson, M. A., Vinn, O. 2012. Crinoids from the Silurian of Western Estonia. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 57, 3, 613-631. DOI:10.4202/app.2010.0094
Rozhnov, S. V. 2007. New data on perittocrinids and hybocrinids (Crinoidea, Echinodermata) from the Middle Ordovician of the Baltic region. Annales de Paléontologie 93, 4, 261-276. Elsevier BV. DOI:10.1016/j.annpal.2007.09.004
Stukalina, G. A. 2000. Silurijskie krinoidei Sibirskoj platformy. Transactions of the Paleontological Institute (PIN) 278, 1-108. Nauka.
Rozhnov, S. 1990. Morphology and systematic position of Middle Ordovician Virucrinus Rozhnov gen. nov. (Crinoidea, Inadunata, Disparida) from North Estonia. Proceedings of the Estonian Academy of Sciences. Geology 39, 2, 68-75. DOI:10.3176/geol.1990.2.04
Rozhnov, S. V., Männil, R. M., Nestor, H. E. 1989. Pisocrinid crinoids from the Lower Silurian of the East Baltic. Fossil and Recent Echinoderm researches, pp. 73-80. Academy of Sciences of the Estonian SSR Institute of Geology.
Donovan, S. K., Franzén-Bengtson, C. 1988. Myelodactylid crinoid columnals from the Lower Visby Beds (Llandoverian) of Gotland. GFF 110, 1, 69-79. DOI:10.1080/11035898809453122
Rozhnov, S. V. 1988. Morfologiâ i sistematičeskoe položenie nižneordovikskih morskih lilij. Paleontologicheski Zhurnal 2, 67-79.
Stukalina, G. A. 1988. Studies in Paleozoic crinoid-columnals and -stems. Palaeontographica 204, 1-66.
Rozhnov, S. V., Männil, R. M., Nestor, H. E. 1987. Pisocrinids from the Silurian of Baltics. Problems of phylogenese and taxonomy of echinoderms. Abstracts, pp. 79-80. Eesti NSV Teaduste Akadeemia.
Stukalina, G. A. 1986. Zakonomernosti istoričeskogo razvitiâ krinoidej v rannem i srednem paleozoe SSSR. pp. 1-144. Nauka.
Donovan, S. K. 1986. A new genus of Inadunate crinoid with unique stem morphology from the Ashgill of Sweden. Palaeontology 29, 2, 235-242.
Donovan, S. K. 1984. Ristnacrinus and the earliest myelodactylid from the Ashgillian Boda Limestone of Sweden. GFF 106, 4, 347-356. DOI:10.1080/11035898509454663
Franzén, C. 1983. Ecology and taxonomy of Silurian crinoids from Gotland. Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis 665, 1-31.
Franzén-Bengtson, C. 1983. Radial perforations in crinoid stems from the Silurian of Gotland. Lethaia 16, 4, 291-302. DOI:10.1111/j.1502-3931.1983.tb02012.x
Franzén, C. 1982. A Silurian crinoid thanatotope from Gotland. GFF 103, 4, 469-490. DOI:10.1080/11035898209453725
Rozhnov, S. V. 1981. Morskie lilii nadsemejstva Pisocrinacea. Transactions of the Paleontological Institute (PIN) 192, 1-126. Nauka.
Yeltyscheva, R. S. 1979. Stebli paleozojskih morskih lilij Pribaltiki (verhni ordovik). Voprosy paleontologii VIII, 94-106. Izdatel'stvo Leningradskogo Universiteta.
Moore, R. C., Lane, N. G., Strimple, H. L., Sprinkle, J., Fay, R. O. 1978. Inadunata. Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology. Part T. Echinodermata 2, pp. T520-T759. Geological Society of America.
Franzén, C. 1977. Crinoid holdfasts from the Silurian of Gotland. Lethaia 10, 3, 219-234. DOI:10.1111/j.1502-3931.1977.tb00617.x
Rõõmusoks, A. 1970. Stratigraphy of the Viruan Series (Middle Ordovician) in Northern Estonia, I. pp. 1-346. Valgus.
Yeltyscheva, R. S. 1966. Stebli ordovikskih morskih lilij Pribaltiki (srednij ordovik). Voprosy paleontologii V, 53-70. Izdatel'stvo Leningradskogo Universiteta.
Hecker, R. F. 1964. Klass Cystoidea. Cistoidei. Osnovy paleontologii. Iglokožie, gemihordovye, pogonofory i ŝetinkočelûstnye, pp. 30-45. Nedra.
Yeltyscheva, R. S. (Yeltyschewa, R. S.) 1964. Stebli ordovikskih morskih lilij Pribaltiki (nižnij ordovik). Voprosy paleontologii IV, 59-82. Izdatel'stvo Leningradskogo Universiteta.
Yakovlev, N. N. 1956. K peresmotru harakteristiki roda Ristnacrinus Öpik. Ežegodnik Vsesoûznogo Paleontologičeskogo Obŝestva XV, 155-157.
Öpik, A. 1934. Ristnacrinus, a new Ordovician crinoid from Estonia. Tartu Ülikooli Geoloogia Instituudi Toimetused 40, 1-7.
Teichert, C. 1928. Stratigraphische und paläontologische Untersuchungen im unteren Gotlandium (Tamsal-Stufe) des westlichen Estland und der Insel Dagö. Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Geologie und Paläontologie. Monatshefte: Abt. B. Geologie, Paläontologie 60, 1-112.
Bekker, H. 1924. Devon Irboska ümbruses: stratigraafia, fauna ja paleogeograafia. Eesti Loodusteaduse Arhiiv X, 1, 1-55. K. Mattiesen.
Jaekel, O. 1918. Phylogenie und System der Pelmatozoen. Paläontologische Zeitschrift 3, 1, 1-128. DOI:10.1007/BF03190413
Jaekel, O. 1902. Ueber verschiedene Wege phylogenetischer Entwicklung. Verhandlungen des V. Internationalen Zoologen-Congresses zu Berlin. 12-16 August 1901, pp. 1058-1117.
Jaekel, O. 1900. Ueber einen neuen Pentacrinoideen-Typus aus dem Obersilur. Zeitschrift der Deutschen Geologischen Gesellschaft 52, 3, 480-487.
Angelin, N. P. 1878. Iconographica Crinoideorum in stratis Sueciae siluricis fossilium. 2. Cystidea. pp. 1-62. Samson & Wallin.
Eichwald, E. 1861. Paleontologiâ Rossii. Drevnij period. II. Fauna grauvakkovoj, gornoizvestkovoj i medistoslancevatoj formacij Rossii. pp. 1-521. R. Golike (former Ya. Ionsona).
Eichwald, E. 1860. Lethaea Rossica ou Paléontologie de la Russie. Premier volume. Ancienne Période en deux sections. pp. XIX+1–1657. E. Schweizerbart. DOI:10.5962/bhl.title.52391
Eichwald, E. 1856. Beitrag zur geographischen Verbreitung der fossilen Thiere Russlands. Alte Periode. (Fortsetzung). Bulletin of the Moscow Society of Naturalists. Geological series 29, 1, 88-127.
Pacht, R. 1852. Dimerocrinites Oligoptilus : ein Beitrag zur Kenntniss der Gattung Dimerocrinites : (mit drei lithographirten Tafeln). pp. 1-30. Buchdruckerei der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften.
Hisinger, W. 1828. Annotations in physics and geognosi during travels in Sweden and Norway, IV. pp. 1-258. Published by Author.
List of species
1. Anarchocrinus? rossicus Jaekel, 1918 | Upper Ordovician
2. Anisocrinus interradiatus Angelin, 1878 | upper Silurian
4. Baltocrinus balticus (Yeltyschewa, 1964) | Kunda Stage
5. Baltocrinus decorus (Kutorga, 1846) | Middle Ordovician
6. Baltocrinus hrevicaensis (Yeltyschewa, 1966) | Jõhvi Substage
8. Baltocrinus quttaeformis (Yeltyschewa, 1966) | Jõhvi Substage
9. Baltocrinus rostovensis Stukalina, 1988 | Kukruse Stage
10. Baltocrinus serratus (Yeltyschewa, 1966) | Uhaku Stage
11. Bodacrinus columnus Donovan, 1986 | Katian
12. Botryocrinus cucurbitaceus (Angelin, 1878) | Silurian
13. Botryocrinus ramosissimus Angelin, 1878 | upper Silurian
14. Calceocrinus balticensis Ausich, Wilson et Vinn, 2012 | Juuru Stage
15. Calpiocrinus ovatus Angelin, 1878 | Wenlock
16. Calpiocrinus rotundatus Springer, 1906 | Wenlock
17. Carabocrinus esthonus Jaekel, 1918 | Keila Stage
18. Cicerocrinus elegans Sollas, 1900 | Přidoli
19. Cicerocrinus osiliensis (Jaekel, 1900) | Ohesaare Stage
20. Cicerocrinus scanicus (Jaekel, 1900) | Ohesaare Stage
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Classification
| Organism group | Biota |
| Kingdom | Animalia |
| Phylum | Echinodermata |
| Subphylum | Pelmatozoa |
| Class | Crinoidea |
| Organism group | Stemmed echinoderms outgroup (informal) |
| Superclass | Pentacrinoidea |
| Infraclass | Inadunata |
| Subclass | Camerata |
| Hybocrinea | |
| Order | Dianthicoelomatidae |
| Hemistreptocrinida | |
| Strialata | |
| Family | Bereljicrinus |
| Dwortsowaecrinidae | |
| Xenocrinidae | |
| Genus | Asterocrinus |
| Equitanicrinus | |
| Plussacrinus | |
| Sphenocrinus |