The orthothecid shell has an internal layer with a microstructure of transverse bundles, and an external layer comprising longitudinal bundles
Class
Hyolitha Marek, 1963
Hyolitha
Taxon overview
Selection of related publications
Berg-Madsen, V., Valent, M., Ebbestad, J. O. R. 2018. An orthothecid hyolith with a digestive tract from the early Cambrian of Bornholm, Denmark. GFF 140, 1, 25-37. DOI:10.1080/11035897.2018.1432680
Malinky, J. M., Eriksson, M. E., Ahlberg, P. 2009. ‘Mediterranean Province' hyoliths from the middle Cambrian and Upper Ordovician of Sweden. GFF 131, 4, 281-291. DOI:10.1080/11035890903458693
Dies Álvarez, M. E., Gozalo, R., Cederström, P., Ahlberg, P. 2008. Bradoriid arthropods from the lower-middle Cambrian of Scania, Sweden. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 53, 4, 647-656. DOI:10.4202/app.2008.0409
Malinky, J. M. 2006. Revision of Hyolitha from the Ordovician of Estonia. Paläontologische Zeitschrift 80, 1, 88-106. DOI:10.1007/BF02988400
Malinky, J. M. 2003. New Middle and Late Ordovician hyoliths from Estonia. Journal of Paleontology 77, 2, 304-313. DOI:10.1017/S0022336000043651
Malinky, J. M. 2002. A revision of Early to Mid Ordovician Hyoliths from Sweden. Palaeontology 45, 3, 511-555. DOI:10.1111/1475-4983.00248
Malinky, J. M., Berg-Madsen, V. 1999. A revision of Holm's Early and Early Mid Cambrian hyoliths of Sweden. Palaeontology 42, 1, 25-65. DOI:10.1111/1475-4983.00061
Dzik, J. 1980. Ontogeny of Bactrotheca and related hyoliths. GFF 102, 3, 223-233. DOI:10.1080/11035898009455162
Mens, K. A., Pirrus, E. A. 1977. Stratotypes of the Cambrian Formations of Estonia. pp. 1-68. Valgus.
Jankauskas, T., Posti, E. 1973. Micropaleontological characteristic of the stratotype sections of the Estonian Lower Cambrian. Eesti NSV Teaduste Akadeemia Toimetised. Keemia, Geoloogia / Известия Академии наук Эстонской ССР. Химия. Геология 22, 2, 143-148. DOI:10.3176/chem.geol.1973.2.08
Öpik, A. 1926. Über den estländischen Blauen Ton. Tartu Ülikooli juures oleva Loodusuurijate Seltsi Aruanded 33, 1, 39-47.
Koken, E. 1889. Die Hyolithen der silurischen Geschiebe. Zeitschrift der Deutschen Geologischen Gesellschaft 41, 1, 79 - 82.
Koken, E. 1889. Ueber die Entwicklung der Gastropoden vom Cambrium bis zur Trias. Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie 41, 6, 305-482.
Eichwald, E. 1860. Lethaea Rossica ou Paléontologie de la Russie. Premier volume. Ancienne Période en deux sections. pp. XIX+1–1657. E. Schweizerbart. DOI:10.5962/bhl.title.52391
Eichwald, E. 1856. Beitrag zur geographischen Verbreitung der fossilen Thiere Russlands. Alte Periode. (Fortsetzung). Bulletin of the Moscow Society of Naturalists. Geological series 29, 1, 88-127.
Eichwald, E. 1856. Beitrag zur geographischen Verbreitung der fossilen Thiere Russlands. Alte Periode. (Fortsetzung. S. Bulletin 1856. N 2. pag. 406.). Bulletin of the Moscow Society of Naturalists. Geological series 29, IV, 555-608.
List of species
1. "Hyolithes" vaginati (Quenstedt, 1852) | Middle Ordovician
4. Bactrotheca dens (Holm, 1893) | Uhaku Stage
5. Bactrotheca quadrangularis (Holm, 1893) | Ordovician
7. Carinolithes pennatulus (Holm, 1893) | Middle Cambrian (old nomenclature)
8. Carinolithes triumvir (Holm, 1893) | Kunda Stage
9. Circotheca johnstrupi (Holm, 1893) | Cambrian Stage 3
10. Circotheca stylus (Holm, 1893) | Cambrian
13. Decoritheca affinis (Holm, 1893) | Middle Cambrian (old nomenclature)
18. Dorsolinevitus marri Malinky, 2003 | Kunda Stage
19. Dorsolinevitus scalprum (Holm, 1893) | Ordovician
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Classification
| Organism group | Biota |
| Kingdom | Animalia |
| Phylum | Mollusca |
| Subphylum | Conchifera |
| Class | Bivalvia |
| Cephalopoda | |
| Diplacophora | |
| Gastropoda | |
| Helcionelloida | |
| Hyolitha | |
| Order | Aimitidae |
| Allathecidae | |
| Hyolithida | |
| Orthothecida | |
| Family | Circothecidae |
| Class | Paragastropoda |
| Polyplacophora | |
| Rostroconchia | |
| Tergomya | |
| Family | Chelodina |
| Genus | Eesticonus |
| Eobucania | |
| Jinonicella |
See also