Subphylum

Blastozoa Sprinkle, 1973

Selection of related publications

Sheffield, S. L., Lam, A. R., Phillips, S. F., Deline, B. 2022. Morphological Dynamics and Response Following the Dispersal of Ordovician–Silurian Diploporan Echinoderms to Laurentia. Contributions from the Museum of Paleontology, University of Michigan 34, 9, 123-140. DOI:10.7302/4375

Paul, C. R. C., Toom, U. 2021. Cystoblastus and the origin of the Hemicosmitoida (Echinodermata: Blastozoa). Estonian Journal of Earth Sciences 70, 3, 165-181. DOI:10.3176/earth.2021.13

Paul, C. R. C., Toom, U. 2021. The diploporite blastozoan Glyptosphaerites (Echinodermata: Blastozoa) and the origin of diplopores. Estonian Journal of Earth Sciences 70, 4, 224-239. DOI:10.3176/EARTH.2021.15

Paul, C. R. C., Hotchkiss, F. H. C. 2020. Origin and significance of Lovén's Law in echinoderms. Journal of Paleontology 94, 6, 1089-1102. DOI:10.1017/jpa.2020.31

Paul, C. R. C., Rozhnov, S. V. 2016. Revision of Scoliocystis (Rhombifera: Echinoencrinitidae) and related cystoid genera. Paleontological Journal 50, 3, 255-275. DOI:10.1134/S0031030116030059

Paul, C. R. C., Donovan, S. K. 2011. A review of the British Silurian cystoids. Geological Journal 46, 5, 434-450. DOI:10.1002/gj.1287

Zuykov, M. A., Terentiev, S. S., Harper, D. A. T. 2008. New endemic brachiopod and echinoderm genera from the Upper Ordovician of the St. Petersburg region, nortwestern Russia. GFF 130, 2, 87-93. DOI:10.1080/11035890801302087

Rozhnov, S. V., Fedorov, P. V. 2001. A New Cryptocrinid Genus (Eocrinoidea, Echinodermata) from the Bioherm-related Volkhov Facies (Late Arenigian, Ordovician), Leningrad Region. Paleontologicheski Zhurnal 35, 6, 606-613.

Rozhnov, S. V. 1997. Unusual Eocrinoid (?) (Echinodermata) from Volkhov Horizon (Early Ordovician, Arenig) of St-Petersburg Region. Paleontologicheski Zhurnal 1, 59-64.

Rozhnov, S. V., Kushlina, V. B. 1994. New interpretation of bolboporids (Echinodermata, ?Eocrinoidea). Paleontological Journal 28, 2, 71–80.

Rozhnov, S. V. 1991. A new eocrinoid order from Lower Ordovician. Paleontologicheski Zhurnal 2, 34-44.

Rozhnov, S. V. 1989. New data about rhipidocystids (Eocrinoidea). Fossil and Recent Echinoderm researches, pp. 38-57. Academy of Sciences of the Estonian SSR Institute of Geology.

Kõrts, A. 1989. Brachiolar plates of Bockia (Eocrinoidea) from the Middle Ordovician of Estonia and Leningrad Region. Fossil and Recent Echinoderm researches, pp. 34-37. Academy of Sciences of the Estonian SSR Institute of Geology.

Bockelie, J. F. 1984. The Diploporita of the Oslo region, Norway. Palaeontology 27, 1, 1-68.

Ginda, V. A. 1984. Columns of new Ordovician crinoids of the south-western margin of the East-European platform. Paleontologicheskii sbornik 21, 58-63.

Arendt, Yu. A., Rozhnov, S. V. 1984. Koronatnye iglokožie [Коронатные иглокожие]. Paleontologicheski Zhurnal 1984, 3, 86-97.

Paul, C. R. C., Bockelie, J. F. 1983. Evolution and Functional Morphology of the Cystoid Sphaeronites in Britain and Scandinavia. Palaeontology 26, 4, 687-734.

Bockelie, J. F. 1981. A re-evaluation of the Ordovician cystoid Stichocystis Jaekel and the taxonomic implications. GFF 103, 1, 51-59. DOI:10.1080/11035898109455204

Bockelie, J. F. 1981. Morphology, growth and taxonomy of the Ordovician rhombiferan Caryocystites. GFF 103, 4, 499-513. DOI:10.1080/11035898209453727

Bockelie, J. F. 1981. The Middle Ordovician of the Oslo Region, Norway: 30. The eocrinoid genera Cryptocrinites, Rhipidocystis and Bockia. Norsk Geologisk Tidsskrift 61, 2, 123-147.

Bockelie, J. F. 1981. Symmetry and ambulacral pattern of the rhombiferan superfamily Caryocystitida and the relationship to other Blastozoa. GFF 103, 4, 491-498. DOI:10.1080/11035898209453726

Bockelie, J. F. 1979. Taxonomy, functional morphology and palaeoecology of the Ordovician cystoid family Hemicosmitidae. Palaeontology 22, 2, 363-406.

Stukalina, G. A. 1979. A new family of Ordovician crinoids. Paleontologicheski Zhurnal 1979, 4, 89-95.

Bockelie, J. F. 1979. Celticystis n. gen., a gomphocystitid from the Silurian of Sweden. GFF 101, 2, 157-166. DOI:10.1080/11035897909452575

Bockelie, J. F. 1973. The Presence of Prunocystites (Cystoidea) in Stage 9e of Ringerike, Norway. Norsk Geologisk Tidsskrift 53, 317-321.

Rõõmusoks, A. 1970. Stratigraphy of the Viruan Series (Middle Ordovician) in Northern Estonia, I. pp. 1-346. Valgus.

Jefferies, R. P. S., Joysey, K. A., Paul, C. R. C., Ramsbottom, W. H. C. 1967. The Fossil Record a symposium with dokumentation. Chapter 21 Echinodermata: Pelmatozoa. The Fossil Record, pp. 565-581. Geological Society of London.

Kesling, R. V. 1967. Cystoids. Treatise on Invertebtate Paleontology. Part S. Echinodermata 1. Volume 1, pp. S85-S268. The Geological Society of America and the University of Kansas.

Yeltyscheva, R. S. 1966. Stebli ordovikskih morskih lilij Pribaltiki (srednij ordovik). Voprosy paleontologii V, 53-70. Izdatel'stvo Leningradskogo Universiteta.

Yeltyscheva, R. S. (Yeltyschewa, R. S.) 1964. Stebli ordovikskih morskih lilij Pribaltiki (nižnij ordovik). Voprosy paleontologii IV, 59-82. Izdatel'stvo Leningradskogo Universiteta.

Hecker, E. L., Hecker, R. F. 1957. O novom vide roda Protocrinites Eichwald. Ežegodnik Vsesoûznogo Paleontologičeskogo Obŝestva XVI, 274-279. Gosudarstvennoe nauchno-texnicheskoe izdatel'stvo litaratury po geologii i ohrany nedr.

Regnéll, G. 1948. Echinoderms (hydrophoridae, ophiocistia) from the Ordovician (Upper Skiddavian) of the Oslo region. Norsk Geologisk Tidsskrift 27, 14-58.

Regnéll, G. 1945. Non-Crinoid Pelmatozoa from the Paleozoic of Sweden. A taxonomic study. Meddelanden från Lunds Geologisk-Mineralogiska Institution 108, 1-255. Carl Bloms Boktryckeri.

Hecker, R. F. 1940. Nižnesilurijskie i devonskie iglokožie. Carpoidea, Eocrinoidea i Ophiocistia nižnego silura Leningradskoj oblasti i Èstonii. Transactions of the Paleontological Institute (PIN) 9, 4, 5-82.

Hecker, R. F. 1938. New data on Rhipidocystis Jkl (Oder Digitata n. o., class Carpoidea Jkl) and on a new Genus Bockia (subclass Eocrinoidea Jkl, class Crinoidea Mill.) from the Ordovician of Leningrad province, USSR, and Estonia. Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR 19, 5, 421-425.

Phleger, F. B. 1935. Some Ordovician cystids from Russia. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology. Harvard University Museum of Comparative Zoology LXXVI, 5, 193-201.

Öpik, A. 1934. Üks tsüstiid Eesti Megalaspislubjakivist. Eesti Loodus 1, 17-20.

Jaekel, O. 1927. Über Tormoblastus n.g., eine coronate Blastoidee, aus dem Ordovicium Schwedens. Arkiv För Zoologi 19A, 4, 1-6.

Öpik, A. 1925. Beiträge zur Kenntnis der Kukruse-(C2-) Stufe in Eesti. I. Acta et Commentationes Universitatis Tartuensis VIII, 5, 1-18. G. Mattiesen.

Bekker, H. 1925. Lühike ülevaade Eesti geoloogiast (Eozoiline ja paleozoiline ladekond). Eesti Loodus. Äratrükk koguteosest "Eesti", pp. 31-61.

Hecker, R. F. 1923. Echinosphaeritidae of the Silurian of Russia. Trav. Mus. Géol. Min. Pierre le Grand Acad. Sci. Russie IV, 1, 1-63.

Bekker, H. 1921. The Kuckers stage of the Ordovician Rocks in NE Estonia. Acta et Commentationes Universitatis Tartuensis II, 1, 1-92.

Jaekel, O. 1918. Phylogenie und System der Pelmatozoen. Paläontologische Zeitschrift 3, 1, 1-128. DOI:10.1007/BF03190413

Jaekel, O. 1900. Ueber einen neuen Pentacrinoideen-Typus aus dem Obersilur. Zeitschrift der Deutschen Geologischen Gesellschaft 52, 3, 480-487.

Jaekel, O. 1899. Stammesgesihichte der Pelmatozoen. Erster Band. Thecoidea und Cystoidea. pp. 1-441. Verlag von Julius Springer.

Volborth, A. 1870. Über Achradocystites und Cystoblastus, zwei neue Crinoideen-Gattungen, eingeleitet durch kritische Betrachtungen über die Organe der Cystideen. Mémoires de l´Académie Impériale des Sciences de St.-Petersbourg 16, 2, 1-15.

Eichwald, E. 1861. Paleontologiâ Rossii. Drevnij period. II. Fauna grauvakkovoj, gornoizvestkovoj i medistoslancevatoj formacij Rossii. pp. 1-521. R. Golike (former Ya. Ionsona).

Eichwald, E. 1860. Lethaea Rossica ou Paléontologie de la Russie. Premier volume. Ancienne Période en deux sections. pp. XIX+1–1657. E. Schweizerbart. DOI:10.5962/bhl.title.52391

Eichwald, E. 1856. Beitrag zur geographischen Verbreitung der fossilen Thiere Russlands. Alte Periode. (Fortsetzung). Bulletin of the Moscow Society of Naturalists. Geological series 29, 1, 88-127.

Eichwald, E. von 1840. Ueber das silurische Schichten-system in Esthland. Zeitschrift für Natur- und Heilkunde 1-2, 1-210. DOI:10.5962/bhl.title.150763

Pander, C. H. 1830. Beiträge zur Geognosie des Russischen Reiches. pp. 1-165. Karl Kray.

List of species

1. Amorphocystis esthoniae Jaekel, 1899 | Ordovician→Silurian

2. Archaegocystis granulata Paul, 1973 | Katian→Hirnantian

3. Asteroblastus foveolatus (Eichwald, 1860) | Kunda Stage

4. Asteroblastus regularis Jaekel, 1918 | Kunda Stage

5. Asteroblastus stellatus Eichwald, 1862 | Kunda Stage

6. Asteroblastus sublaevis Jaekel, 1899 | Kunda Stage

7. Asteroblastus volborthi Schmidt, 1874 | Kunda Stage

8. Asterocystis globulus Jaekel, 1918

9. Asterocystis tuberculatus (Schmidt, 1874) | Kunda Stage

10. Bockeliecrinites rugatus (Bockelie, 1984) | Upper Ordovician

11. Bolboporites (Ambliporites) lamanskii Kushlina, 1995 | Kunda Stage

12. Bolboporites (Ambliporites) regnelli Kushlina, 1995 | Aseri Stage→Uhaku Stage

13. Bolboporites (Ambliporites) semiglobosus Pander, 1830 | Volkhov Stage→Kunda Stage

14. Bolboporites (Ambliporites) triangularis Pander, 1830 | Volkhov Stage→Kunda Stage

15. Bolboporites (Bolboporites) elongatus Kushlina, 1995 | Volkhov Stage

16. Bolboporites (Bolboporites) fungiformis Kushlina, 1998 | Kunda Stage→Aseri Stage

17. Bolboporites (Bolboporites) mitralis Pander, 1830 | Volkhov Stage→Kunda Stage

18. Bolboporites (Bolboporites) uncinatus Pander, 1830 | Volkhov Stage→Kunda Stage

19. Bolboporites (Bolboporites) yeltishevae Kushlina, 1995 | Volkhov Stage

20. Bolboporites (Stelloporites) stellifer Eichwald, 1860 | Aseri Stage

Classification

Organism group	Biota
Kingdom	Animalia
Phylum	Echinodermata
Subphylum	Asterozoa
	Blastozoa
Class	Coronoidea
	Diploporita
	Eocrinoidea
	Rhombifera
Subphylum	Echinozoa
	Eleutherozoa
	Pelmatozoa
Class	Cyclocystoidea
	Homoiostelea
	Stylophora