Ichnofossils

Diplocraterion parallelum Torell, 1870

Taxon description

Schlirf, 2011

Emended diagnosis: Vertical Diplocraterion with parallel limbs and a width/length ratio below 0.5.

Gaillard & Racheboeuf, 2006

Discussion.--Following the proposition of Fürsich (1974), the observed burrows must be referred to D. parallelum and the trace probably corresponds to a dwelling burrow of a suspension-feeding animal, possibly a small crustacean. D. parallelum is very abundant in sandy beds showing ripple marks on their upper surface. Here, the trace appears as a typical dumbbell-shaped convex epirelief showing a preferential orientation to the current (Fig. 10). This observation supports the suspension-feeding hypothesis.

Schlirf, 2005

Emended diagnosis: Vertical, U-shaped, single-spreite burrows; spreite may be unidirectional or bidirectional, generally continuous, rarely discontinuous. Limbs unlined and smooth, or with bioglyphs (longitudinal or transverse ridges and grooves). Limbs either parallel, or diverging upward or downward; top of limbs sometimes with funnel shaped opening.

Dam, 1990a

Description: Vertical U-shaped burrows preserved in full relief with concave-upward spreiten; spreiten is enhanced by lining of the walls; limbs of burrow walls are parallel. Both retrusive and protrusive forms occur and few specimens display both forms; bottom of burrows are semicircular or more rarely flattened; burrows are 8-25 mm in tube diameter and 25-180 mm in distance between limbs; depth of burrows is 25-510 mm; smaller specimens occur in large numbers in distinct horizons, while larger specimens mostly occur solitarily.

Synonymy list
1870     Diplocraterion parallelum — Torell, pp. 13
1870     Diplocraterion Lyelli n. sp. — Torell, pp. 13-14
1931     Diplocraterion lyelli Torell — Westergårg, pp. 9-11
1973     Diplocraterion sp. Torell — Wincierc, pp. 128, fig. Fig. 10.3
1973     Diplocraterion lyelli Torell 1870 — Bruun-Petersen, pp. 519-520, fig. 4C
1974     Diplocraterion parallelum Torell, 1870 — Fürsich, pp. 958, fig. text-fig. 5
1974     Diplocraterion parallelum Torell, 1870 — Fürsich, pp. 13, fig. Fig. 10-13
1975     Diplocraterion parallelum Torell 1870 — Fürsich, pp. 155, fig. figs. 9A-B, 10c, 12A, 16
1977     Diplocraterion parallelum Torell, 1870 — Pickerill, pp. 7, fig. 2j
1977     Diplocraterion parallelum Torell, 1870f — Chamberlain, pp. 12, fig. figs. 2f, 5f
1979     Diplocraterion parallelum Torell, 1870 — Palij et al., pp. 74, fig. LXVII 4
1979     Diplocraterion parallelum Torell, 1870 — Hofmann, pp. 40, fig. 13:B-E
1979     Diplocraterion parallelum Torell, 1870 — McCarthy, pp. 356, fig. figs. 6a-e, 9b
1984     Diplocraterion parallelum Torell, 1870 — Acher & Maples, pp. 450, fig. fig. 3E-G
1985     vertical Rhizocorallium — Howard & Singh, fig. 4a
1986     Diplocraterion parallelum Torell, 1870 — Clausen & Vilhjalmsson, pp. 55-56, fig. Pl II D,E
1986     Diplocraterion parallelum Torell, 1870 — Koch Clausen & Vilhjálmsson, pp. 55, fig. pl. 2, fig. D-E.
1989     Diplocraterion parallelum Torell, 1870 — Orłowski, pp. 223, fig. 18:6
1989     Diplocraterion parallelum Torell — Bjerstedt & Erikson, pp. 219, fig. fig. 13B
1990     Diplocraterion parallelum Torell,1870 — Fillion & Pickerill, pp. 33, fig. pl. 7, figs. 6-10
1990     Diplocraterion parallelum Torell, 1870 — Dam, pp. 129, fig. 7D,E, 8A
1991     Diplocraterion parallelum variety lingum — Ekdale & Lewis, pp. 268, fig. , figs. 7A, 8
1991     Diplocraterion parallelum variety arcum — Ekdale & Lewis, pp. 268, fig. figs. 7B, 9-10
1991     Diplocraterion parallelum variety quadrum — Ekdale & Lewis, pp. 269, fig. figs. 7C, 11
1991     Diplocraterion parallelum Torell, 1870 — Bromley & Hanken, fig. 3, 5-12
1996     Diplocraterion parallelum Torell, 1870 — Orłowski & Źylińska, pp. 401, fig. 10A-C
1997     Diplocraterion parallelum Torell, 1870 — Jensen, pp. 48, fig. 7 A, 1 DA, 33A
1998     Diplocraterion parallelum Torell, 1870 — Stanley & Pickerill, pp. 13, fig. 4:3
1998     Diplocraterion parallelum Torell 1870 — Fürsich, pp. 260
2000     Diplocraterion parallelum Torell, 1870 — Schlirf, pp. 168, fig. pl. 6, fig. 7, pl. 7 figs. 2-6; text fig. 22
2003     Diplocraterion parallelum Torell, 1870 — Bromley & Uchman, pp. 193, fig. Fig. 8
2003     Diplocraterion parallelum — Buck & Goldring, pp. 350, fig. 13C,D, text fig. 14
2003     Diplocraterion parallelum — Schlirf, pp. 130, 132, 140, fig. fig. 8
2004     Diplocraterion parallelum Torell, 1870 — Mikulaš et al., pp. 84, fig. X 1
2004     Diplocraterion parallelum — Mangano & Buatois, fig. figs. 3, 4f-g, 11
2005     Diplocraterion parallelum — Schlirf & Uchman, fig. fig. 9
2005     Diplocraterion parallelum. — Goldring et al., pp. 671, fig. figs. 5A-C, 6.
2006     Diplocraterion parallelum Torell, 1870 — Gaillard & Racheboeuf, pp. 1214, fig. 8.1-8.3
2006     Diplocraterion parallelum Torell 1870 — Fürsich et al., pp. 603
2007     Diplocraterion parallelum Torell, 1870 — Šimo & Olšavsky, pp. 167
2007     Diplocraterion — Šimo & Olšavsky, pp. 167, fig. fig. 4, 5, 6, 7b
2011     Diplocraterion parallelum Torell, 1870 — Schlirf, pp. 38-39, fig. 2-4
2018     Diplocraterion parallelum — Dorador et al., pp. 17, fig. 3C
Selection of related publications
Bromley, R. G., Uchman, A. 2003. Trace fossils from the Lower and Middle Jurassic marginal-marine deposits of the Sorthat Formation, Bornholm, Denmark. Bulletin of the Geological Society of Denmark 50, 2, 185-208. DOI:10.37570/bgsd-2003-50-15
Jensen, S. 1997. Trace fossils from the Lower Cambrian Mickwitzia sandstone, south-central Sweden. Fossils and Strata 42, 1-110.
Orłowski, S., Żylińska, A. 1996. Non-arthropod burrows from the Middle and Late Cambrian of the Holy Cross Mountains, Poland. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 41, 4, 385-409.
Clausen, C. K., Vilhjálmsson, M. 1986. Substrate control of lower Cambrian trace fossils from Bornholm, Denmark. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 56, 1-2, 51-68. DOI:10.1016/0031-0182(86)90107-0
Palij, V. M., Posti, E., Fedonkin, M. A. 1979. Soft-bodied Metazoa and trace fossils of Vendian and Lower Cambrian. Upper Precambrian and Cambrian Paleontology of East-European Platform, pp. 49-82.
Müürisepp, K. 1958. Die Beshaffenheit der unteren Grenze der Packerort-Stufe von Packerort bis zum Sjass-Fluss. ENSV TA Geoloogia Instituudi uurimused III, 55-80. Eesti NSV Teaduste Akadeemia Geoloogia Instituudi Uurimused III, pp. 55-80.
References based on distribution