Suborder
Psammosteida Kiaer, 1932
Selection of related publications
Glinskiy, V. 2018. Phylogenetic relationships of psammosteid heterostracans (Pteraspidiformes), Devonian jawless vertebrates. Biological Communications 62, 4, 219-243. DOI:10.21638/11701/spbu03.2017.402
Glinskiy, V. N., Nilov, S. P. 2017. A new psammosteid (Agnatha, Heterostraci) from the Amata Regional Stage of the Main Devonian Field and morpho-histological types of discrete micromeric elements in the family Psammosteidae. Estonian Journal of Earth Sciences 66, 2, 59-76. DOI:10.3176/earth.2017.05
Glinskiy, V., Mark-Kurik, E. 2016. Revision of Psammosteus livonicus Obruchev (Agnatha, Heterostraci) from the Devonian Amata Regional Stage of the NW of the East European Platform. Estonian Journal of Earth Sciences 65, 1, 1-18. DOI:10.3176/earth.2016.02
Tuuling, T. 2015. A specimen of Psammolepis in the Gauja Formation (Estonia). bakalaureusetöö, pp. 1-31.
Lebedev, O. A., Mark-Kurik, E., Karatajūtė-Talimaa, V. N., Lukševičs, E., Ivanov, A. 2009. Bite marks as evidence of predation in early vertebrates. Acta Zoologica 90, Suppl. 1, 344-356. DOI:10.1111/j.1463-6395.2008.00344.x
Lukševics, E., Lebedev, O., Mark-Kurik, E., Karatajūtė-Talimaa, V. 2009. The earliest evidence of host-parasite interactions in vertebrates. Acta Zoologica 90, Suppl. 1, 335-343. DOI:10.1111/j.1463-6395.2008.00362.x
Märss, T., Kleesment, A., Niit, M. 2008. Karksilepis parva gen. et sp. nov. (Chondrichthyes) from the Burtnieki Regional Stage, Middle Devonian of Estonia. Estonian Journal of Earth Sciences 57, 4, 219-230. DOI:10.3176/earth.2008.4.02
Elliott, D. K., Mark-Kurik, E. 2005. A review of the lateral line sensory system in psammosteid heterostracans. Revista Brasileira de Paleontologia 8, 2, 99-108. DOI:10.4072/rbp.2005.2.02
Novitskaya L. I. 2004. Subclass Heterostraci. Fossil vertebrates of Russia and adjacent countries. Agnathans and early fisches. The reference book for palaeontologists and geologists, pp. 69-207. GEOS.
Upeniece, I. 2001. The unique fossil assemblage from the Lode Quarry (Upper Devonian, Latvia). Mitteilungen aus dem Museum für Naturkunde der Humboldt-Universität in Berlin 4, 101-119. DOI:10.5194/fr-4-101-2001
Mark-Kurik, E. 2000. The Middle Devonian fishes of the Baltic States (Estonia, Latvia) and Belarus. Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg 223, 309-324.
Novitskaya, L. I. 1971. Diagnostic evaluation of ornamentation in Agnatha and Pisces. Paleontologicheski Zhurnal 4, 82-96.
Vorobyeva, E. I., Lyarskaya, L. A. 1968. Ostatki kisteperyh i dvoâkodyšaŝih iz amatskih sloev Latvii i ih zahoronenie. Очерки по филогении и систематике ископаемых рыб и бесчелюстных, pp. 71-86. Nauka.
Mark-Kurik, E. 1968. New finds of psammosteids (Heterostraci) in the Devonian of Estonia and Latvia. Eesti NSV Teaduste Akadeemia Toimetised. Keemia, Geoloogia / Известия Академии наук Эстонской ССР. Химия. Геология 17, 4, 409-424. DOI:10.3176/chem.geol.1968.4.11
Preobrazhensky, B. V. 1967. The significance of the zonal phenomena in Tabulate coral skeleton. Paleontologicheski Zhurnal 3, 3-8.
Mark-Kurik, E. J. 1966. O nekotoryh povreždeniâh èkzoskeleta psammosteid (Agnatha). The organism and environment in the geological past, pp. 55-60. Nauka.
Halstead Tarlo, L. B. H. 1965. Psammosteiformes (Agnatha) - A review with descriptions of new material from the Lower Devonian of Poland. 2. Systematic part. Palaeontologia Polonica 15, 1-168.
Obruchev, D. V., Mark-Kurik, E. J. (eds) 1965. Devonian psammosteids (Agnatha, Psammosteidae) of the USSR. pp. 1-304. Eesti NSV TA Geoloogia Instituut.
Halstead Tarlo, L. B. H. 1964. Psammosteiformes (Agnatha) - a review with descriptions of new material from the Lower Devonian of Poland. 1. General part.. Palaeontologia Polonica 13, 1-135.
Mark, E. J. 1956. On Genus Pycnosteus (Psammosteidae, Agnatha). ENSV TA Geoloogia Instituudi Uurimused I, 74-88.
Obruchev, D. 1943. Yoglinia n. g., poslednij predstavitel' pteraspid iz srednego devona Leningradskoj oblasti. Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR 41, 1, 36-38.
Gross, W. 1933. Die Fische des baltischen Devons. Palaeontographica 79, 1-2, 1-74. E. Schweizerbart.
List of species
1. Drepanaspis gemuendenensis Schlüter, 1887 | Lower Devonian
2. Elgaia luhai (Mark-Kurik, 1965) | Aruküla Stage
3. Ganosteus artus Mark-Kurik, 1965 | Aruküla Stage
5. Guerichosteus heterolepis (Preobrazhensky, 1911) | Pärnu Stage
6. Karelosteus weberi Obruchev, 1933 | Plavinas Stage
7. Obruchevia heckeri (Obruchev, 1936) | Frasnian
8. Placosteus alatus (Mark-Kurik, 1965) | Gauja Stage
10. Psammolepis abavica Mark-Kurik, 1965 | Burtnieki Stage
11. Psammolepis aerata Halstead Tarlo, 1965 | Amata Stage
12. Psammolepis heteraster (Gross, 1930) | Gauja Stage
13. Psammolepis paradoxa (Agassiz, 1844) | Gauja Stage
14. Psammolepis toriensis (Mark-Kurik, 1965) | Pärnu Stage
15. Psammolepis venyukovi Obruchev, 1965 | Gauja Stage
16. Psammosteus asper Obruchev, 1965 | Plavinas Stage
17. Psammosteus bergi (Obruchev, 1943) | Burtnieki Stage
18. Psammosteus cuneatus Obruchev, 1965 | Amata Stage
19. Psammosteus falcatus Gross, 1942 | Frasnian
20. Psammosteus levis Obruchev, 1965 | Amata Stage
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Classification
| Organism group | Biota |
| Kingdom | Animalia |
| Phylum | Chordata |
| Subphylum | Vertebrata |
| Superclass | Agnatha |
| Class | Pteraspidomorphi |
| Subclass | Heterostraci |
| Order | Pteraspidiformes |
| Suborder | Psammosteida |
| Family | Drepanaspididae |
| Guerichosteidae | |
| Obrucheviidae | |
| Psammolepididae | |
| Psammosteidae | |
| Pycnosteidae | |
| Suborder | Pteraspidoidei |