Rõngussid on suur ja mitmekesine hõimkond, mis ilmus Kambriumi ajastul ning on tänapäevani arvukas ja laialt levinud. Lisaks merelise eluviisiga polüheetidele ehk hulkharjasussidele kuuluvad rõngusside hulka ka kaanid ja väheharjasussid (viimaste hulgas ka vihmaussid).
Kuna tegemist on valdavalt pehmekehaliste organismidega, siis nende säilimine fossiilsena on haruldane. Erandiks on skolekodondid - hulkharjasusside 'hambad', mis kuuluvad tavalisemate happeresistentsete mikrofossiilide hulka ka Eesti Ordoviitsiumi ja Siluri kivimites.
hõimkond
Annelida Lamarck, 1809
Rõngussid e anneliidid
Taksoni iseloomustus
Valik taksonit käsitlevast teaduskirjandusest
Vinn, O., Isakar, M., El Hedeny, M., Almansour, M. I., Farraj, S. 2025. First record of agglutinated worm tubes from the uppermost Cambrian of Estonia. Acta Geologica Polonica 75, 3, e41.
Tonarová, P., Suttner, T., Hints, O., Liang, Y., Zemek, M., Kubajko, M., Zikmund, T., Kaiser, J., Kido, E. 2024. Late Ordovician scolecodonts and chitinozoans from the Pin Valley in Spiti, Himachal Pradesh, northern India. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 69, 2, 199-215. DOI:10.4202/app.01135.2024
Männik, R. 2024. Siluri ajastu Lau sündmuse mõju mikrofossiilidele Bebirva 111 puuraugus Leedus [Bakalaureusetöö. Juhendajad: O. Hints ja T. Meidla]. pp. 1-54.
Hints, O., Tonarová, P. 2023. A diverse Hirnantian scolecodont assemblage from northern Estonia and resilience of polychaetes to the end-Ordovician mass extinction. Estonian Journal of Earth Sciences 72, 1, 46-49. DOI:10.3176/earth.2023.20
Hints, O., Ainsaar, L., Lepland, A., Liiv, M., Männik, P., Meidla, T., Nõlvak, J., Radzevičius, S. 2023. Paired carbon isotope chemostratigraphy across the Ordovician–Silurian boundary in central East Baltic: Regional and global signatures. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 624, 1-17. DOI:10.1016/j.palaeo.2023.111640
Slater, B. J., Harvey, T. H. P., Guilbaud, R., Butterfield, N. J. 2017. A cryptic record of Burgess Shale-type diversity from the early Cambrian of Baltica. Palaeontology 60, 1, 117-140. Wiley. DOI:10.1111/pala.12273
Hints, O., Tonarová, P., Eriksson, M. E., Rubinstein, C. V., de la Puente, G. S. 2017. Early Middle Ordovician scolecodonts from north-western Argentina and the emergence of labidognath polychaete jaw apparatuses. Palaeontology 60, 4, 583-593. DOI:10.1111/pala.12303
Eriksson, M. E., Parry, L. A., Rudkin, D. M. 2017. Earth’s oldest ‘Bobbit worm’ – gigantism in a Devonian eunicidan polychaete. Scientific Reports 7, 1, 43061. Springer Science and Business Media LLC. DOI:10.1038/srep43061
Vinn, O., Toom, U., Isakar, M. 2017. The earliest cornulitid on the internal surface of the illaenid pygidium from the Middle Ordovician of Estonia. Estonian Journal of Earth Sciences 66, 4, 193-197. DOI:10.3176/earth.2017.19
Moutinho, L.P., Nascimento, S., Scomazzon, A.K.,Lemos, V.B. 2016. Trilobites, scolecodonts and fish remains occurrence and the depositional paleoenvironment of the upper Monte Alegre and lower Itaituba formations, Lower – Middle Pennsylvanian of the Amazonas Basin, Brazil. Journal of South American Earth Sciences 72, 76-94. DOI:10.1016/j.jsames.2016.06.011
Tonarová, P., Hints, O., Königshof, P., Suttner, T. J., Kido, E., Da Silva, A., Pas, D. 2016. Middle Devonian jawed polychaete fauna from the type Eifel area, western Germany, and its biogeographical and evolutionary affinities. Papers in Palaeontology 2, 2, 295-310. DOI:10.1002/spp2.1041
Hints, O., Tonarová, P., Desrochers, A. 2016. Late Ordovician jaw-bearing polychaetes from Anticosti Island, eastern Canada, and their biogeographic significance. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 53, 7, 731-738. DOI:10.1139/cjes-2015-0222
Hints, O., Paris, F., Al-Hajri, S. 2015. Late Ordovician scolecodonts from the Qusaiba-1 core hole, central Saudi Arabia, and their paleogeographical affinities. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 212, 1, 85-96. DOI:10.1016/j.revpalbo.2014.08.013
Benton, M., Donoghue, P., Vinther, J., Asher, R., Friedman, M., Near, T. 2015. Constraints on the timescale of animal evolutionary history. Palaeontologia Electronica 18.1.1FC, 1-106. DOI:10.26879/424
Tonarová, P., Hints, O., Eriksson, M. E. 2014. Impact of the Silurian Ireviken Event on polychaete faunas: new insights from the Viki drill core, western Estonia. GFF 136, 1, 270-274. DOI:10.1080/11035897.2013.862855
Eriksson, M. E., Hints, O., Bergman, C. F. 2012. Kingnites diamondi gen. et sp. nov., an exceptionally large Silurian paulinitid (Annelida; Polychaeta) from shallow marine settings of Baltoscandia. GFF 134, 3, 217-224. DOI:10.1080/11035897.2012.704066
Vinn, O., Kupriyanova, E. K., Kiel, S. 2012. Systematics of serpulid tubeworms (Annelida, Polychaeta) from Cretaceous and Cenozoic hydrocarbon-seep deposits in North America and Europe. Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie. Abhandlungen 265, 3, 315-325. DOI:10.1127/0077-7749/2012/0271
Hints, O., Eriksson, M. 2010. Ordovician polychaeturid polychaetes: Taxonomy, distribution and palaeoecology. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 55, 2, 309-320. DOI:10.4202/app.2009.0086
Vinn, O., Wilson, M. A. 2010. Sabellid-dominated shallow water calcareous polychaete tubeworm association from the equatorial Tethys Ocean (Matmor Formation, Middle Jurassic, Israel). Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie. Abhandlungen 258, 1, 31-38. DOI:10.1127/0077-7749/2010/0080
Högström, A. E. S., Ebbestad, J. O. R., Suzuki, Y. 2009. Armoured annelids and molluscs from the Upper Ordovician Boda Limestone, central Sweden. GFF 131, 3, 245-252. DOI:10.1080/11035890903189801
Vinther, J., Briggs, D. E. G. 2009. Machaeridian locomotion. Lethaia 42, 3, 357-364. DOI:10.1111/j.1502-3931.2009.00165.x
Vinn, O. 2009. The ultrastructure of calcareous cirratulid (Polychaeta, Annelida) tubes. Estonian Journal of Earth Sciences 58, 2, 153-156. DOI:10.3176/earth.2009.2.06
Truuver, K. 2009. Skolekodondid Kalana karjääris [Magistritöö; juhendaja: O. Tinn]. pp. 1-59. Tartu Ülikool.
Hints, O. 2008. Kaljoprion - a new enigmatic jawed polychaete genus from the Upper Ordovician of Estonia. Estonian Journal of Earth Sciences 57, 4, 256-259. DOI:10.3176/earth.2008.4.05
Rubel, M., Hints, O., Männik, P., Meidla, T., Nestor, V., Sarv, L., Sibul, I. 2007. Lower Silurian biostratigraphy of the Viirelaid core, western Estonia. Estonian Journal of Earth Sciences 56, 4, 193-204. DOI:10.3176/earth.2007.01
Hints, L., Hints, O., Nemliher, R., Nõlvak, J. 2007. Hulterstad brachiopods and associated faunas in the Vormsi Stage (Upper Ordovician, Katian) of the Lelle core, Central Estonia. Estonian Journal of Earth Sciences 56, 3, 131-142.
Hints, O., Eriksson, M. E. 2007. Diversification and biogeography of scolecodont-bearing polychaetes in the Ordovician. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 254, 1-2, 95-114. DOI:10.1016/j.palaeo.2006.02.029
Hints, O., Nõlvak, J. 2006. Early Ordovician scolecodonts and chitinozoans from Tallinn, North Estonia. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 139, 1-4, 189-209. DOI:10.1016/j.revpalbo.2006.01.004
Hints, O., Killing, M., Männik, P., Nestor, V. 2006. Frequency patterns of chitinozoans, scolecodonts, and conodonts in the upper Llandovery and lower Wenlock of the Paatsalu core, western Estonia. Proceedings of the Estonian Academy of Sciences. Geology 55, 2, 128-155. DOI:10.3176/GEOL.2006.2.04
Vinn, O. 2005. The tube ultrastructure of serpulids (Annelida, Polychahaeta) Pentaditrypa subtorquata, Cretaceous, and Nogrobs cf. vertebralis, Jurassic, from Germany. Proceedings of the Estonian Academy of Sciences. Geology 54, 4, 260-265. DOI:10.3176/geol.2005.4.03
Eriksson, M. 2001. Silurian Ramphoprionid polychaetes from Gotland, Sweden. Journal of Paleontology 75, 5, 993-1015. DOI:10.1017/S0022336000039901
Hints, O. 2000. Ordovician eunicid polychaetes of Estonia and surrounding areas: review of their distribution and diversification. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 113, 1-3, 41-55. DOI:10.1016/S0034-6667(00)00051-8
Hints, O. 1999. Two new polychaete families from the Upper Ordovician of Estonia. Palaeontology 42, 5, 897-906. DOI:10.1111/1475-4983.00101
Hints, O. 1998. Late Viruan (Ordovician) polychaete jaws from North Estonia and the St. Petersburg Region. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 43, 3, 471-516.
Eriksson, M. 1998. Dubichaetaspis bergmani gen. et sp. n., a facies controlled polychaete from the Silurian of Gotland, Sweden. GFF 120, 1, 21-25. DOI:10.1080/11035899801201021
Hints, O. 1998. Revision of the Ordovician and Silurian ramphoprionid polychaetes from Severnaya Zemlya, Russian Arctic. Proceedings of the Estonian Academy of Sciences. Geology 47, 2, 77-85. DOI:10.3176/GEOL.1998.2.02
Eriksson, M. 1997. Lower Silurian polychaetaspid polychaetes from Gotland, Sweden. GFF 119, 3, 213-230. DOI:10.1080/11035899709546480
Hints, O., Kallaste, T., Kiipli, T. 1997. Mineralogy and micropalaeontology of the Kinnekulle altered volcanic ash bed (Ordovician) at Pääsküla, North Estonia. Proceedings of the Estonian Academy of Sciences. Geology 46, 3, 107-118. DOI:10.3176/geol.1997.3.01
Adrain, J. M., Chatterton, B. D. E., Cocks, L. R. M. 1991. A new species of machaeridian from the Silurian of Podolia, USSR, with a review of the Turrilepadidae. Palaeontology 34, 3, 637–651.
Männil, Ralf, Zaslavskaya, N. 1985. Silurijskie polihety severa Sibiri. Transactions of the Institute of Geology and Geophysics 615, 98-119.
Zawidzka, K. 1975. Polychaete remains and their stratigraphic distribution in the Muschelkalk of Southern Poland. Acta Geologica Polonica 25, 2, 257-274.
Boyer, P. S. 1975. Polychaete jaw apparatuses from the Devonian of central Ohio. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 20, 2, 425-435.
Eisenack, A. 1970. Mikrofossilien aus dem Silur Estlands und der Insel Ösel. Geologiska Föreningens i Stockholm Förhandlingar 92, 302-322. DOI:10.1080/11035897.1970.9626410
Eisenack, A. 1968. Microfossilien eines Geschiebes der Borkholmer Stufe, baltisches Ordovizium, F2. Mitt. Geol. Staatinst. Hamburg 37, 81-94.
Öpik, A. 1927. Beiträge zur Kenntnis der Kukruse-(C2-) Stufe in Eesti. II. Tartu Ülikooli Geoloogia Instituudi Toimetused 10, 1-35.
Leitud liigid
4. Baltichaeta jormunganda Slater, Harvey, Guilbaud et Butterfield, 2017 | Alam-Kambrium (endine liigestus)
6. Cryptosiphon oboloides Vinn, et al, 2025 | Furong
9. Eunicites ala Öpik, 1927 | Kukruse lade
10. Eunicites bekkeri Öpik, 1927 | Kukruse lade
12. Gotlandites slitensis Bergman, 1987 | Wenlock
14. Hindenites angustus (Hinde, 1882) | Wenlock
17. Incisiprion edentulus Hints, 1998 | Keila lade
19. Kadriorgaspis kaisae Hints et Nõlvak, 2006 | Tremadoci lade
20. Kaljoprion laevaensis Hints, 2008 | Nabala lade
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Klassifikatsioon
| organismirühm | Biota |
| riik | Animalia |
| hõimkond | Agmata |
| incertae sedis | |
| Annelida | |
| alamhõimkond | Procoelomata |
| klass | Polychaeta |
| perekond | Baltichaeta |
| hõimkond | Arthropoda |
| Brachiopoda | |
| Bryozoa | |
| Chordata | |
| Cnidaria | |
| Echinodermata | |
| Hemichordata | |
| Mollusca | |
| Onychophora | |
| Pogonophora | |
| Porifera | |
| Priapulida | |
| alamhõimkond | Lophotrochozoa |
| klass | Chitinozoa |
| selts | Hyolithelminthida |