Phylum
Cnidaria Verrill, 1865
Nässeldjur
Selection of related publications
Rozhnov, S. V. 2024. A possible archaic precursor of the octocoral structural plan from the Ordovician of Estonia. Papers in Palaeontology 10, 5, DOI:10.1002/spp2.1593
Vinn, O., Wilson, M. A., Isakar, M., Toom, U. 2024. Two high Value Geoheritage Sites on Sõrve Peninsula (Saaremaa Island, Estonia): A Window to the Unique Late Silurian Fauna. Geoheritage 16, 2, 53-68. DOI:10.1007/s12371-024-00957-7
Kazantseva, E. S. 2023. Co-Growth in Rugosa: Types, Morphology, Special Features and Origin. Paleontological Journal 57, 9, 931-1042. DOI:10.1134/S003103012309006X
Hints, L., Pärnaste, H., Männik, P., Reich, M., Rozhnov, S. 2022. Development of faunal diversity during the late Llandovery–early Wenlock in the easternmost part of the Baltic Palaeobasin – implications for the Ireviken Event. Estonian Journal of Earth Sciences 71, 2, 89-110. DOI:10.3176/earth.2022.07
Du, M., Nõlvak, J., Tan, J., Gao, S., Wang, W. 2022. Melanosclerites from the Late Ordovician to earliest Silurian of Estonia and their palaeogeographical implications. Palynology 46, 3, 1-16. DOI:10.1080/01916122.2021.2012538
Zapalski, M. K., Vinn, O., Toom, U., Ernst, A., Wilson, M. A. 2022. Bryozoan–cnidarian mutualism triggered a new strategy for greater resource exploitation as early as the Late Silurian. Scientific Reports 12, number: 15556. DOI:10.1038/s41598-022-19955-2
Zapalski, M. K., Król, J. J., Halamski, A. T., Wrzołek, T., Rakociński, M., Baird, A. H. 2022. Coralliths of tabulate corals from the Devonian of the Holy Cross Mountains (Poland). Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 585, 110745. DOI:10.1016/j.palaeo.2021.110745
Vinn, O., Ernst, A., Wilson, M. A., Toom, U. 2022. Symbiosis in trepostome bryozoans from the Sandbian (Late Ordovician) of Estonia. Historical Biology 34, 6, 1029-1038. DOI:10.1080/08912963.2021.1959579
Vinn, O., Wilson, M. A., Madison, A., Kazantseva, E., Toom, U. 2022. First symbiotic association between hederelloids and rugose corals (latest Silurian of Saaremaa, Estonia). Palaios 37, 7, 368-373. DOI:10.2110/palo.2022.005
Vinn, O., Wilson, M. A., Holmer, L. E., Ernst, A., Tinn, O., Toom, U. 2022. Diverse endobiotic symbiont fauna from the late Katian (Late Ordovician) of Estonia. Palaeontologia Electronica 25, 3, 1-13. DOI:10.26879/1232
Jeon, J., Vinn, O., Liang, K., Zapalski, M. K., Toom, U., Kershaw, S. 2022. Stromatoporoid-coral/tubeworm intergrowths in the lowermost Silurian Varbola Formation of Estonia: first evidence of competitive interaction. Lethaia 55, 2, 1-13. DOI:10.18261/let.55.2.4
Vinn, O., Wilson, M. A. 2021. Evolutionary History of Colonial Organisms as Hosts and Parasites. The Evolution and Fossil Record of Parasitism, pp. 99-119. Springer International Publishing. DOI:10.1007/978-3-030-52233-9_4
Vinn, O., Ernst, A., Wilson, M., Toom, U. 2021. Intergrowth of bryozoans with other invertebrates in the Late Pridoli of Saaremaa, Estonia. Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae 91, 2, 101-111. DOI:10.14241/asgp.2021.04
Kröger, B., Vinn, O., Toom, U., Corfe, I. J., Kuva, J., Zatoń, M. 2021. On the enigma of Palaenigma wrangeli (Schmidt), a conulariid with a partly non-mineralized skeleton. PeerJ 9, e12374. DOI:/10.7717/peerj.12374
Kazantseva, E. S. 2021. Pseudocolonies of Silurian Rugoses Microplasma schmidti Dybowski from Estonia: Morphology and Origin. Paleontological Journal 55, 5, 469-476. DOI:10.1134/S0031030121050075
Tinn, O., Vinn, O., Ainsaar, L. 2020. The enigmatic cnidarian Martsaphyton moxi gen. et sp. nov. from the Darriwilian (Middle Ordovician) of Estonia. Estonian Journal of Earth Sciences 69, 4, 223-232. DOI:10.3176/earth.2020.12
Liang, K., Elias, R. J., Lee, D. 2019. Morphometrics, growth characteristics, and phylogenetic implications of Halysites catenularius (Tabulata, Silurian, Estonia). Journal of Paleontology 93, 2, 215-231. DOI:10.1017/jpa.2018.73
Vinn, O., Ernst, A., Wilson, M. A., Toom, U. 2019. Symbiosis of conulariids with trepostome bryozoans in the Upper Ordovician of Estonia (Baltica). Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 518, 89-96. DOI:10.1016/j.palaeo.2019.01.018
Vinn, O., Toom, U. 2017. Early symbiotic rugosan endobionts in stromatoporoids from the Rhuddanian of Estonia (Baltica). Lethaia 50, 2, 237-243. DOI:10.1111/let.12190
Vinn, O., Liang, K., Toom, U. 2017. Endobiotic rugose coral symbionts in Silurian tabulate corals from Estonia (Baltica). Palaios 32, 3, 158-165. DOI:10.2110/palo.2016.084
Vinn, O., Ernst, A., Toom, U. 2017. Rare rugosan-bryozoan intergrowth from the Upper Ordovician of Estonia. Carnets de Géologie 17, 7, 145-151. DOI:10.4267/2042/62664
Vinn, O., Kirsimäe, K., Parry, L., Toom, U. 2016. A new Byronia species from the Late Ordovician of Estonia. Estonian Journal of Earth Sciences 65, 4, 201-206. DOI:10.3176/earth.2016.17
Kershaw, S., Mõtus, M.-A. 2016. Palaeoecology of Corals and Stromatoporoids in an Upper Silurian Biostrome in Estonia. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 61, 1, 33-50. DOI:10.4202/app.00094.2014
Vinn, O., Wilson, M. A. 2016. Symbiotic interactions in the Silurian of Baltica. Lethaia 49, 3, 413-420. DOI:10.1111/let.12158
Jarochowska, E., Hierl, F., Vinn, O., Munnecke, A. 2016. Reducing taxonomic noise in problematic fossils: revision of the incertae sedis genus Allonema based on shape analysis. Bulletin of Geosciences 91, 1, 97-110. DOI:10.3140/bull.geosci.1588
Vinn, O., Ernst, A., Toom, U. 2016. Earliest symbiotic rugosans in cystoporate bryozoan Ceramopora intercellata Bassler, 1911 from Late Ordovician of Estonia (Baltica). Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 461, 140-144. DOI:10.1016/j.palaeo.2016.08.016
Stewart, S. E., Clarkson, E. N. K., Ahlgren, J., Ahlberg, P., Schoenemann, B. 2015. Sphenothallus from the Furongian (Cambrian) of Scandinavia. GFF 137, 1, 20-24. DOI:10.1080/11035897.2014.929173
Vinn, O., Kirsimäe, K. 2015. Alleged cnidarian Sphenothallus (Cnidaria?) in the Late Ordovician of Baltica, its mineral composition and microstructure. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 60, 4, 1001-1008. DOI:10.4202/app.00049.2013
Vinn, O., Wilson, M. A., Toom, U., Mõtus, M. 2015. Earliest known rugosan-stromatoporoid symbiosis from the Llandovery of Estonia (Baltica). Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 431, 1-5. Elsevier BV. DOI:10.1016/j.palaeo.2015.04.023
Vinn, O., Mõtus, M.-A. 2014. Endobiotic Rugosan Symbionts in Stromatoporoids from the Sheinwoodian (Silurian) of Baltica. PLOS ONE 9, 2, 1-7. Public Library of Science (PLoS). DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0090197
Liang, K., Lee, D.-J., Elias, R. J., Pärnaste, H., Mõtus, M.-A. 2013. Growth characteristics of Protoheliolites norvegicus (Tabulata; Upper Ordovician; Estonia). Palaeontology 56, 4, 867-891. DOI:10.1111/pala.12022
Savazzi, E. 2012. A reassessment of the Lower Cambrian psammocoral Spatangopsis costata. Paleontological Research 16, 2, 159-170. DOI:10.2517/1342-8144-16.2.159
Mõtus, M., Zaika, Y. 2012. The oldest heliolitids from the early Katian of the East Baltic region. GFF 134, 3, 225-234. DOI:10.1080/11035897.2012.721805
Vinn, O., Mõtus, M. 2012. New endobiotic cornulitid and Cornulites sp. aff. Cornulites celatus (Cornulitida, Tentaculita) from the Katian of Vormsi Island, Estonia. GFF 134, 1, 3-6. DOI:10.1080/11035897.2011.647067
Vinn, O., Wilson, M. A. 2012. Encrustation and bioerosion on late Sheinwoodian (Wenlock, Silurian) stromatoporoids from Saaremaa, Estonia. Carnets de Géologie 12, 2, 183-191. DOI:10.4267/2042/47551
Vinn, O., Mõtus, M. 2012. Diverse early endobiotic coral symbiont assemblage from the Katian (Late Ordovician) of Baltica. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 321-322, 137-141. DOI:10.1016/j.palaeo.2012.01.028
Vinn, O., Wilson, M. A. 2012. Epi- and endobionts on the late Silurian (early Pridoli) stromatoporoids from the Saaremaa Island, Estonia. Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae 82, 3, 195-200.
Mõtus, M.-A., Vinn, O. 2009. The worm endosymbionts in tabulate corals from the Silurian of Podolia, Ukraine. Estonian Journal of Earth Sciences 58, 3, 185-192. DOI:10.3176/earth.2009.3.03
Vinn, O., Mõtus, M. 2008. The earliest endosymbiotic mineralized tubeworms from the Silurian of Podolia, Ukraine. Journal of Paleontology 82, 2, 409-414. DOI:10.1666/07-056.1
Trampisch, C. 2007. Melanosclerites from the Öjlemyr Cherts, Gotland. Comunicações Geológicas 94, 93-107.
Mõtus, M.-A., Hints, O. (eds) 2007. 10th International Symposium on Fossil Cnidaria and Porifera. Excursion B2: Lower Paleozoic geology and corals of Estonia. Excursion Guidebook. pp. 1-64. Institute of Geology at Tallinn University of Technology.
Mõtus, M.-A., Grytsenko, V. 2007. Morphological variation of the tabulate coral Paleofavosites cf. collatatus Klaamann, 1961 from the Silurian of the Bagovichka River localities, Podolia (Ukraine). Estonian Journal of Earth Sciences 56, 3, 143-156.
Winchester-Seeto, T., McIlroy, D. 2006. Lower Cambrian melanosclerites and foraminiferal linings from the Lontova Formation, St. Petersburg, Russia. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 139, 1-4, 71-79. DOI:10.1016/j.revpalbo.2005.07.012
Mõtus, M.-A. 2006. Intraspecific variation in Wenlock tabulate corals from Saaremaa (Estonia) and its taxonomic implications. Proceedings of the Estonian Academy of Sciences. Geology 55, 1, 24-42. DOI:10.3176/geol.2006.1.02
Jeppsson, L., Calner, M., Eriksson, M. 2005. Locality descriptions. Sveriges Geologiska Undersökning, Rapporter och Meddelanden 121, 22-47.
Young, G. A., Kershaw, S. 2005. Classification and controls of internal banding in Palaeozoic stromatoporoids and colonial corals. Palaeontology 48, 3, 623-651. DOI:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2005.00480.x
Mõtus, M.-A., Sandström, O. 2005. Cystihalysites sp. and its significance to biostratigraphy and event stratigraphy in the Ludlow (Late Silurian) of Gotland, Sweden. GFF 127, 4, 269-272. DOI:10.1080/11035890501274269
Mõtus, M.-A. 2004. Tabulate corals from the Lower Silurian of Jämtland (Sweden). GFF 126, 4, 339-352. DOI:10.1080/11035890401264339
Neuman, B. E. E. 2003. The new early Palaeozoic rugose coral genera Eurogrewingkia gen. nov. and Fosselasma gen. nov.. Proceedings of the Estonian Academy of Sciences. Geology 52, 4, 199-212. DOI:10.3176/geol.2003.4.02
Nestor, H., Einasto, R., Nestor, V., Märss, T., Viira, V. 2001. Description of the type section, cyclicity, and correlation of the Riksu Formation (Wenlock, Estonia). Proceedings of the Estonian Academy of Sciences. Geology 50, 3, 149-173. DOI:10.3176/geol.2001.3.02
Mõtus, M.-A. 2001. Environment related morphological variation in Early Silurian tabulate corals from the Baltic area. Bulletin of the Tohoku University Museum 1, 62-69.
Johannessen, W. H. 1999. Nyhamnia n. gen., a new monotypic cystiphyllid rugose coral genus from the Lower Silurian of Gotland. GFF 121, 4, 333-335. DOI:10.1080/11035899901214333
Mõtus, M.-A., Klaamann, E. 1999. The halysitid coral genera Halysites and Cystihalysites from Gotland, Sweden. GFF 121, 2, 81-91. DOI:10.1080/11035899901212081
Johannessen, W. 1998. Silurian dissepimentate cystiphyllid rugose corals from Baltoscandia. Doctor scient thesis in palaeontology/historical geology. Geological Institute, University of Bergen, pp. 1-34. Geological Institute, University of Bergen.
Johannessen, W. H. 1998. Two species of the operculate rugose coral genus Rhizophyllum from Ludlovian beds on Gotland. GFF 120, 1, 1-16. DOI:10.1080/11035899801201001
Neuman, B. E. E. 1997. Aspects on life strategies of the Upper Ordovician rugose coral Bodophyllum duncanae (Spjeldnæs, 1961) from the Oslo Region. Coral Research Bulletin 5, 197-201.
Weyer, D. 1997. Lambelasma balticum n. sp. (Anthozoa, Rugosa) aus einem baltoskandischen Oberordoviz-Geschiebe. Berliner Beiträge zur Geschibeforschung 43-50.
Seilacher, A., Goldring, R. 1996. Class Psammocorallia (Coelenterata, Vendian‐Ordovician): Recognition, systematics, and distribution. GFF 118, 4, 207-216. DOI:10.1080/11035899609546256
Dixon, O. A. 1996. Heliolitine corals of the upper Douro Formation (upper Silurian), Canadian Arctic Islands. Journal of Paleontology 70, 5, 718-740. DOI:10.1017/S0022336000023787
Johannessen, W. H. 1995. Nanophyllum, a new monotypic rugose coral genus from the Lower Silurian of Gotland. GFF 117, 1, 53-55. DOI:10.1080/11035899509546197
Johannessen, W. H. 1995. Species of the Silurian operculate rugose coral genera Araeopoma and Rhytidophyllum. GFF 117, 1, 31-41. DOI:10.1080/11035899509546194
Jerre, F. 1994. Conulariid microfossils from the Silurian Lower Visby Beds of Gotland, Sweden. Palaeontology 36, 2, 403–424.
Neuman, B. E. E. 1993. Taxonomic reliability of morphological structures in rugose corals. Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg 164, 119-125.
Weyer, D. 1993. Lambelasma carinatum, eine neue Rugose Koralle aus dem Mittel-Ordoviz von Estland. Abhandlungen und Berichte für Naturkunde 16, 70-77.
Johannessen, W. H. 1993. Species of the Silurian operculate coral genus Goniophyllum. GFF 115, 2, 119-143. DOI:10.1080/11035899309452743
Bondarenko, O. B. 1992. Sistema geliolitoidei [The system of heliolitoids]. pp. 1-205. Moskovskoe Obŝestvo Ispytatele Prirody.
Serezhnikova, E. A. 1992. New Heliolitoidea from the lower Silurian of Central Kazakhstan. Paleontologicheski Zhurnal 1, 19-26.
Jensen, S. 1991. The Lower Cambrian problematicum Spatangopsis costata Torell, 1870. GFF 113, 1, 86-87. DOI:10.1080/11035899109453833
Young, G. A., Scrutton, C. T. 1991. Growth form in Silurian heliolitid corals: the influence of genetics and environment. Paleobiology 17, 4, 369-387. DOI:10.1017/S009483730001071X
Neuman, B. E. E., Kershaw, S. 1991. VI International Symposium on Fossil Cnidaria including Archaeocyatha and Porifera. Pre-Symposium excursion A1 Gotland/Sweden. pp. 1-111. University of Bergen.
Jell, J. S., Sutherland, P. K. 1990. The Silurian rugose coral genus Entelophyllum and related genera in northern Europe. Palaeontology 33, 4, 769-821.
Jerre, Fr. 1988. Silurian conulariids from the Lower Visby Beds on Gotland. Examensarbeite i geologi vid Lunds Universitet 25, 1-17.
Neuman, B. E. E. 1988. Some aspects of life strategies of Early Palaeozoic rugose corals. Lethaia 21, 2, 97-114. DOI:10.1111/j.1502-3931.1988.tb02061.x
Scrutton, C. T. 1988. Amural arachnophyllid corals from the Silurian of the North Atlantic area. Palaeontology 32, 1, 1-53.
Mierzejewski, P. 1986. Ultrastructure, taxonomy and affinities of some Ordovician and Silurian organic microfossils. Palaeontologia Polonica 47, 129-220.
Neuman, B. E. E. 1986. Rugose corals from the Upper Ordovician erratic boulders of Öland. GFF 108, 4, 349-365. DOI:10.1080/11035898609454725
Kato, M., Ezaki, Y. 1986. Rugose corals from the Upper Silurian of Scania, Sweden. Journal of the Faculty of Sciences, Hokkaido University 21, 4, 483-504.
Bondarenko, O. B., Gataulina, G. M. 1986. Reviziâ geliolitoidej kollekcii È. J. Èjhval"da. Voprosy paleontologii IX, 5-17.
Klaamann, E. R. 1986. The tabulate communities and biozones of the East Baltic Silurian. Theory and practice of ecostratigraphy, pp. 80-98. Valgus.
Tchudinova, I. I. 1986. The composition, system and phylogeny of fossil corals. Order Syringoporida. Transactions of the Paleontological Institute (PIN) 216, 1-204. Nauka.
Weyer, D. 1985. Dybowskinia rakverensis, a new lambelasmatid coral (Rugosa) from the Middle Ordovician of Estonia. Eesti NSV Teaduste Akadeemia Toimetised. Geoloogia / Известия Академии наук Эстонской ССР. Геология 34, 4, 130-132. DOI:10.3176/geol.1985.4.02
Bondarenko, O. B. 1985. Izmenchivost' i morfogenez pozdnesilurijskih geliolitoidej Paraheliolites - Pachyhelioplasma iz Podol'skogo Pridnestrov'â. Paleontologicheski Zhurnal 2, 22-30.
Weyer, D. 1984. Lambelasma narvaense, a new rugose coral from the Middle Ordovician of Estonia. Eesti NSV Teaduste Akadeemia Toimetised. Geoloogia / Известия Академии наук Эстонской ССР. Геология 33, 3/4, 92-95. DOI:10.3176/geol.1984.3/4.01
Sokolov, B. S., Tesakov, J. I. 1984. Populâcionnyj, biocenotičeskij i biostratigrafičeskij analiz tabulât. Podol'skaâ model'. pp. 1-140. Nauka.
Klaamann, E. 1984. Heliolitidis in the East Baltic Late Silurian coral communities. Eesti NSV Teaduste Akadeemia Toimetised. Geoloogia / Известия Академии наук Эстонской ССР. Геология 33, 2, 63-69. DOI:10.3176/geol.1984.2.04
Neuman, B. E. E. 1983. Origin and early evolution of rugose corals. Palaeontographica Americana 54, 119-126.
Klaamann, E. 1983. The Tabulate corals of Jaani and Jaagarahu Stages (Wenlockian, Estonia) and their Biozones. Lower Paleozoic paleontology of Baltics and Podolia, pp. 3-40. Eesti NSV Teaduste Akadeemia Geoloogia Instituut.
Bondarenko, O. B. 1983. Geliolitidy verhnego ordovika ûgo-vostočnoj Latvii. Bulletin de la Société Imperiale des Naturalistes de Moscou 58, 6, 136-146.
Weyer, D. 1983. Lambelasma-Arten (Anthozoa, Rugosa) aus dem baltoskandischen Mittelordoviz. Freiberger Forschungsheft C384, 7-19.
Klaamann, E. 1982. Tabulate communities (Late Wenlock and Ludlow, Gotland). Communities and biozones in the Baltic Silurian Communities and biozones in the Baltic Silurian, pp. 35-50. Valgus.
Bondarenko, O. B. 1982. Geliolitidy verhnego ordovika iz skvažin Belorussi. Moscow University Geology Bulletin 4, 35-42.
Bengtson, S. 1981. Atractosella, a Silurian alcyonacean octocoral. Journal of Paleontology 55, 2, 281-294.
Hill, D. 1981. Rugosa and Tabulata. Volume 1. Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology. Part F. Coelenterata. Supplement 1, pp. F1-F378. he Geological Society of America and The University of Kansas.
Brood, K. 1981. Vattenfall project-international cooperation in paleontology. Fauna och flora 76, 119-128.
Brood, K. 1981. Hirnantian (Upper Ordovician) Bryozoa from Baltoscandia. Recent and Fossil Bryozoa: Papers Presented at the 5° International Conference on Bryozoa, pp. 19-27. Olsen & Olsen.
Bondarenko, O. B., Minshin, C. 1981. Variability and morphogenesis of the Ordovician tabulate coral Propora speciosa. Paleontologicheski Zhurnal 1, 10-20.
Nestor, H. 1981. The relationships between stromatoporoids and heliolitids. Lethaia 14, 1, 21-25. DOI:10.1111/j.1502-3931.1981.tb01069.x
Klaamann, E. 1979. The morphology and geological age of Halysites catenularius (Linnaeus). Eesti NSV Teaduste Akadeemia Toimetised. Geoloogia / Известия Академии наук Эстонской ССР. Геология 28, 4, 140-144. DOI:10.3176/geol.1979.4.03
Weyer, D. 1979. Revision von Tryplasma praecox Kaljo, 1957 (Anthozoa, Rugosa; Mittelordoviz, Estnische SSR). Abhandlungen und Berichte für Naturkunde Vorgeschichte 12, 2, 26-33.
List of species
1. Acanthocyclus catinulus Dybowski, 1873 | Wenlock
2. Acanthophyllum linarsonii Dybowski, 1874 | Silurian
3. Acervularia ananas (Linnaeus, 1758) | Jaagarahu Stage
4. Acervularia breviseptata Weissermel, 1894 | Silurian
5. Acervularia conglomerate Lonsdale, 1839 | Silurian
6. Acervularia luxurians (Eichwald, 1829) | Silurian
8. Acidolites bersiniensis Bondarenko, 1983 | Katian
9. Acidolites insequens Bondarenko, 1983 | Hirnantian
10. Acidolites lateseptatus (Lindström, 1899) | Juuru Stage
11. Acidolites medialis Bondarenko, 1982 | Vormsi Stage
12. Acidolites schmidti (Sokolov, 1955) | Vormsi Stage
13. Acidolites tumulosus (Hill, 1953) | Katian
14. Adaverina acclinis (Klaamann, 1966) | Adavere Stage
15. Adaverina adaverensis (Klaamann, 1966) | Adavere Stage
16. Alveolites suborbicularis Lamarck, 1801 | Ludfordian
18. Anisophyllum lindströmi Dybowski, 1873 | Silurian
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Klassificering
Organism group | Biota |
Kingdom | Animalia |
Phylum | Agmata |
incertae sedis | |
Annelida | |
Arthropoda | |
Brachiopoda | |
Bryozoa | |
Chordata | |
Cnidaria | |
Subphylum | Anthozoa |
Medusozoa | |
Class | Hydrozoa |
Psammocorallia | |
Scyphozoa | |
Order | Melanoskleritoitidea |
Genus | Aspidella |
Byronia | |
Semenola | |
Phylum | Echinodermata |
Hemichordata | |
Mollusca | |
Onychophora | |
Pogonophora | |
Porifera | |
Priapulida | |
Subphylum | Lophotrochozoa |
Class | Chitinozoa |
Order | Hyolithelminthida |