Phylum

Bryozoa Ehrenberg, 1831

Bryozoans

Selection of related publications
Vinn, O., Ernst, A., Wilson, M., Toom, U. 2025. Symbiosis between bryozoans with erect cribrate colonies and rugose corals from the lower Katian (Upper Ordovician) of Estonia. Carnets de Géologie 25, 6, 147-154. DOI:10.2110/carnets.2025.2506
Vinn, O., Ernst, A., Isakar, M., El-Hedeny, I Almansour, M., Al Farraj, S. 2024. Cryptic fauna in abandoned bivalve shells and taphonomy of bivalve steinkerns in the Late Ordovician of Baltica. Historical Biology 1-6. DOI:10.1080/08912963.2024.2383702
Jeon, J., Toom, U. 2024. First report of an aulaceratid stromatoporoid from the Ordovician of Baltica. Estonian Journal of Earth Sciences 73, 2, 71-80. DOI:10.3176/earth.2024.07
Kazantseva, E. S., Koromyslova, A. V., Krutykh, A. A. 2024. A new species of Mucophyllum rugose coral encrusted by bryozoans, tentaculoid tubeworms, and tabulates from the upper Silurian of Saaremaa, Estonia. Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie. Abhandlungen 312, 3, 261-273. DOI:10.1127/njgpa/2024/1211
Vinn, O., Wilson, M. A., Isakar, M., Toom, U. 2024. Two high Value Geoheritage Sites on Sõrve Peninsula (Saaremaa Island, Estonia): A Window to the Unique Late Silurian Fauna. Geoheritage 16, 2, 53-68. DOI:10.1007/s12371-024-00957-7
Vinn, O., Ernst, A., Alkahtane, A. A., El Hedeny, M., Al Farraj, S. 2024. New cecidospecies of Anoigmaichnus in the cystoporate bryozoan Fistulipora przhidolensis from the upper Pridoli (Silurian) of Saaremaa Island, Estonia. Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie. Abhandlungen 312, 1, 101-107. DOI:10.1127/njgpa/2024/1202
Vinn, O., Holmer, L. E., Wilson, M. A. 2024. Evolution of brachiopod symbiosis in the early Paleozoic. Historical Biology 36, 7, 1274-1294. DOI:10.1080/08912963.2023.2212368
Ernst, A. 2023. New trepostome bryozoan genus from the Estonian Kukersite. Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie. Abhandlungen 249-259. DOI:10.3176/earth.2023.04
Tolokonnikova, Z. A., Fedorov, P. V. 2023. Morphological features of Late Ordovician (Sandbian) bryozoans from the basin of Khrevitsa River (north-western Russia) and description of a new species of the genus Prophyllodictya Gorjunova, 1987. Zootaxa 5284, 2, 337-350. DOI:10.11646/zootaxa.5284.2.6
Kröger, B., Ernst, A., Penny, A., Nakrem, H. A., Toom, U. 2023. Diversity and spatial turnover of bryozoan assemblages in the reefs of the Vasalemma Formation (Late Ordovician), Estonia. Estonian Journal of Earth Sciences 72, 1, 137-137. DOI:10.3176/earth.2023.47
Vinn, O., Wilson, M. A., Ernst, A., Toom, U. 2023. The Ordovician bioclaustration revolution. Geobios 81, 145-151. DOI:10.1016/j.geobios.2022.10.007
Ernst, A. 2022. Bryozoan fauna from the Kunda Stage (Darriwilian, Middle Ordovician) of Estonia and NW Russia. Bulletin of Geosciences 97, 1, 33–68. DOI:10.3140/bull.geosci.1843
Ernst, A., Tolokonnikova, Z. 2022. Unusual cystoporate? bryozoan from the Upper Ordovician of Siljan District, Dalarna, central Sweden. GFF 144, 3-4, 210-219. DOI:10.1080/11035897.2023.2223579
Zapalski, M. K., Vinn, O., Toom, U., Ernst, A., Wilson, M. A. 2022. Bryozoan–cnidarian mutualism triggered a new strategy for greater resource exploitation as early as the Late Silurian. Scientific Reports 12, number: 15556. DOI:10.1038/s41598-022-19955-2
Zapalski, M. K., Król, J. J., Halamski, A. T., Wrzołek, T., Rakociński, M., Baird, A. H. 2022. Coralliths of tabulate corals from the Devonian of the Holy Cross Mountains (Poland). Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 585, 110745. DOI:10.1016/j.palaeo.2021.110745
Vinn, O., Ernst, A., Wilson, M. A., Toom, U. 2022. Symbiosis in trepostome bryozoans from the Sandbian (Late Ordovician) of Estonia. Historical Biology 34, 6, 1029-1038. DOI:10.1080/08912963.2021.1959579
Vinn, O., Wilson, M., Holmer, L. E., Ernst, A., Tinn, O., Toom, U. 2022. Diverse endobiotic symbiont fauna from the late Katian (Late Ordovician) of Estonia. Palaeontologia Electronica 25, 3, 1-13. DOI:10.26879/1232
Koromyslova, A. V., Fedorov, P. V. 2021. The oldest bifoliate cystoporate and two other bryozoan taxa from the Dapingian (Middle Ordovician) of north-western Russia. Journal of Paleontology 95, 1, 24-39. DOI:10.1017/jpa.2020.73
Vinn, O., Ernst, A., Wilson, M., Toom, U. 2021. Intergrowth of bryozoans with other invertebrates in the Late Pridoli of Saaremaa, Estonia. Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae 91, 2, 101-111. DOI:10.14241/asgp.2021.04
Vinn, O., Ernst, A., Wilson, M. A., Toom, U. 2021. Symbiosis of cornulitids with the cystoporate bryozoan Fistulipora in the Pridoli of Saaremaa, Estonia. Lethaia 54, 1, 90-95. DOI:10.1111/let.12385
Vinn, O., Ernst, A., Wilson, M. A., Toom, U. 2020. Symbiosis of rugose corals with the cystoporate bryozoan Fistulipora prhidolensis in the Pridoli (Latest Siluriuan) of Saaremaa, Estonia. Palaios 35, 6, 237-244. DOI:10.2110/palo.2020.019
Toom, U., Vinn, O., Isakar, M., Madison, A., Hints, O. 2020. Small faecal pellets in Ordovician shelly fossils from Estonia, Baltoscandia. Estonian Journal of Earth Sciences 69, 1, 1-19. DOI:10.3176/earth.2020.01
Vinn, O., Zabini, C., Weinschütz, L. C. 2019. Ichnofossils associated with lingulide shells from the Lower Permian of Brazil. Carnets de Géologie 2019, 19, 439-444. DOI:10.4267/2042/70636
Pohle, A., Klug, C., Toom, U., Kröger, B. 2019. Conch structures, soft-tissue imprints and taphonomy of the Middle Ordovician cephalopod Tragoceras falcatum from Estonia. Fossil Imprint 75, 1, 70-78. DOI:10.2478/if-2019-0006
Vinn, O., Ernst, A., Wilson, M. A., Toom, U. 2019. Symbiosis of conulariids with trepostome bryozoans in the Upper Ordovician of Estonia (Baltica). Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 518, 89-96. DOI:10.1016/j.palaeo.2019.01.018
Vinn, O., Ernst, A., Toom, U., Isakar, M. 2018. Cryptic encrusting fauna inside invertebrate fossils from the Ordovician of Estonia. Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae 88, 3, 285-290. DOI:10.14241/asgp.2018.008
Vinn, O., Ernst, A., Toom, U. 2018. Symbiosis of cornulitids and bryozoans in the late Ordovician of Estonia. Palaios 33, 7, 290-295. DOI:10.2110/palo.2018.018
Vinn, O., Ernst, A., Toom, U. 2018. Bioclaustrations in Upper Ordovician bryozoans from northern Estonia. Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie. Abhandlungen 289, 1, 113-121. DOI:10.1127/njgpa/2018/0752
Fedorov, P. V., Koromyslova, A. V., Martha, S. O. 2017. The oldest bryozoans of Baltoscandia from the lowermost Floian (Ordovician) of north-western Russia: two new rare, small and simple species of Revalotrypidae. Paläontologische Zeitschrift 91, 3, 353-373. DOI:10.1007/s12542-017-0351-y
Vinn, O., Ernst, A., Toom, U. 2017. Rare rugosan-bryozoan intergrowth from the Upper Ordovician of Estonia. Carnets de Géologie 17, 7, 145-151. DOI:10.4267/2042/62664
Koromyslova, A. V. 2016. Paleogeography of the Ordovician bryozoans of the genus Diplotrypa Nicholson (Trepostomida). Paleontological Journal 50, 5, 471-479. DOI:10.1134/S0031030116050075
Jarochowska, E., Hierl, F., Vinn, O., Munnecke, A. 2016. Reducing taxonomic noise in problematic fossils: revision of the incertae sedis genus Allonema based on shape analysis. Bulletin of Geosciences 91, 1, 97-110. DOI:10.3140/bull.geosci.1588
Vinn, O., Ernst, A., Toom, U. 2016. Earliest symbiotic rugosans in cystoporate bryozoan Ceramopora intercellata Bassler, 1911 from Late Ordovician of Estonia (Baltica). Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 461, 140-144. DOI:10.1016/j.palaeo.2016.08.016
Ernst, A., Munnecke, A., Oswald, I. 2015. Exceptional bryozoan assemblage of a microbial-dominated reef from the early Wenlock of Gotland, Sweden. GFF 137, 2, 102-125. DOI:10.1080/11035897.2014.997543
Ernst, A., Nakrem, H. 2015. Bryozoans from the lower Silurian (Wenlock) Steinsfjorden Formation of Ringerike, southern Norway. Bulletin of Geosciences 90, 1, 65-87. DOI:10.3140/bull.geosci.1521
Jiménez-Sánchez, A., Vennin, E., Villas, E. 2015. Trepostomate bryozoans from the upper Katian (Upper Ordovician) of Morocco: gigantism in high latitude Gondwana platforms. Journal of Paleontology 89, 2, 195-221. DOI:10.1017/jpa.2014.17
Ernst, A., Bogolepova, O. K., Hubmann, B., Golubkova, E. Y., Gubanov, A. P. 2014. Dianulites (Trepostomata, Bryozoa) from the Early Ordovician of Severnaya Zemlya, Arctic Russia. Geological Magazine 151, 2, 328-338. DOI:10.1017/S0016756813000150
Vinn, O., Wilson, M. A., Mõtus, M., Toom, U. 2014. The earliest bryozoan parasite: Middle Ordovician (Darriwilian) of Osmussaar Island, Estonia. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 414, 129-132. DOI:10.1016/j.palaeo.2014.08.021
Pushkin, V., Pushkina, N. 2013. Mšanki semejstva Halloporidae [Мшанки семейства Halloporidae]. pp. 1-100. LAP LAMBERT Academic Publishing.
Ernst, A. 2012. Inconobotopora (Cystopotata, Bryozoa) from the early Katian (late Ordovician) Kullsberg Limestone of the Siljan District, Dalarna, central Sweden. GFF 134, 1, 19-25. DOI:10.1080/11035897.2011.653400
Ernst, A., Nakrem, H. 2012. Late Ordovician (Sandbian) bryozoans and their depositional environment, Furuberget Formation, Mjøsa District, Oslo Region, Norway. Bulletin of Geosciences 87, 1, 21-44. DOI:10.3140/bull.geosci.1316
Vinn, O., Wilson, M. A. 2012. Encrustation and bioerosion on late Sheinwoodian (Wenlock, Silurian) stromatoporoids from Saaremaa, Estonia. Carnets de Géologie 12, 2, 183-191. DOI:10.4267/2042/47551
Vinn, O., Mõtus, M. 2012. Diverse early endobiotic coral symbiont assemblage from the Katian (Late Ordovician) of Baltica. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 321-322, 137-141. DOI:10.1016/j.palaeo.2012.01.028
Koromyslova, A. V. 2011. Bryozoans of the Latorp and Volkhov horizons (Lower-Middle Ordovician) of the Leningrad Region. Paleontological Journal 45, 8, 887-980. DOI:10.1134/S0031030111080028
Ernst, A., Nakrem, H. A. 2011. Stenolaemate bryozoans from the Mjøsa Formation (Late Ordovician, Katian) of Helgøya (Mjøsa), southern Norway. Norwegian Journal of Geology 91, 3, 163-180.
McKinney, F. K., Wyse Jackson, P. N. 2010. The tangled core at the heart of the bryozoan suborder Phylloporinina. Palaeontology 53, 2, 441-456. DOI:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2010.00939.x
Koromyslova, A. V., Fedorov, P. V., Ershova, V. B. 2009. New records of bryozoans from the Lower Ordovician of the Leningrad Region and intercolonial variability in Esthoniopora lessnikowae (Modzalevskaya). Paleontological Journal 43, 2, 153-161. DOI:10.1134/S0031030109020051
Gorjunova, R. V., Koromyslova, A. V. 2008. A new genus of the Arenigian bryozoans, Lynnopora, and its systematic position in the family Revalotrypidae Gorjunova, 1988. Paleontological Journal 42, 5, 491-499. DOI:10.1134/S0031030108050043
Suttner, T. J., Ernst, A. 2007. Upper Ordovician bryozoans of the Pin Formation (Spiti Vallaey, Northern India). Palaeontology 50, 6, 1485-1518. DOI:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2007.00726.x
Koromyslova, A. V. 2007. Morphogenesis, phylogenetic relationships, and distribution of the bryozoans of the genus Orbipora Eichwald, 1856 (order Trepostomida). Paleontological Journal 41, 2, 132-145. DOI:10.1134/S0031030107020049
Pushkin, V. I., Popov, L. E. 2005. Two enigmatic bryozoans from the Middle Ordovician of the East Baltic. Palaeontology 48, 5, 1065-1074. DOI:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2005.00493.x/full
Gorjunova, R. V. 2005. Ralfimartididae, a new family of Paleozoic bryozoans of the Order Treptostomida. Paleontologicheski Zhurnal 2, 51-63.
Koromyslova, A. V. 2004. Bryozoans of the Genus Diplotrypa Nicholson, 1879 from the Middle Ordovician of the Leningrad Region. Paleontological Journal 38, 6, 635-638.
Pushkin, V. I. 2003. Systematic position of genus Revalotrypa Bassler, 1952 (Bryozoa, Trepostomida, Revalotrypidae). Bryozoans of Earth, pp. 42-47.
Pushkin, V. 2002. Middle Ordovician bryozoa from the Podlasie-Brest Depression (Belarussian part): suborders Ceramoporina, Esthonioporina, Amplexoporina, Halloporina. Geological Quarterly 46, 4, 411-434.
Pushkin, V. I., Popov, L. E. 2001. The Dianulites Genus (Bryozoa, Trepostomida) in the Arenig and Llanvirn of the East European Platform. Lithosphere (Belarus) 152, 15, 12-31.
Morozova, I. P. 2001. Bryozoans of the order Fenestellida (morphology, system, historical development). Transactions of the Paleontological Institute (PIN) 277, 1-176.
Pushkin, V. I., Popov, L. E. 1999. Early Ordovician bryozoans from north-western Russia. Palaeontology 42, 1, 171-189. DOI:10.1111/1475-4983.00067
Taylor, P. D., Wilson, M. A. 1999. Dianulites Eichwald, 1829: An unusual Ordovician bryozoan with a high-magnesium calcite skeleton. Journal of Paleontology 73, 1, 38-48. DOI:10.1017/S0022336000027529
Viskova, L. A., Ivantsov, A. Yu. 1999. The Earliest Uncalcified Bryozoan from the Ordovician in the Vicinity of Saint-Petersburg. Paleontologicheski Zhurnal 1, 25-28.
Gorjunova, R. V. 1996. Phylogeny of the Paleozoic bryozoans. Transactions of the Paleontological Institute (PIN) 267, 1-163. Nauka.
Lavrentjeva, V. D. 1996. Development and Distribution of Bryozoans in the Ordovician of the East-European Platform. Paleontologicheski Zhurnal 1996, 2, 52-66.
Taylor, P. D., Rozhnov, S. 1996. A new early cyclostome bryozoan from the Lower Ordovician (Volkhov Stage) of Russia. Paläontologische Zeitschrift 70, 1-2, 171-180. DOI:10.1007/BF02988275
Dzik, J. 1994. Bryozoa of the Mojcza Limestone. Palaeontologia Polonica 53, 1-2, 253-282.
Gorjunova, R. V., Lavrentjeva, V. D. 1993. Morphology and system of the cryptostome bryozoans. Transactions of the Paleontological Institute (PIN) 257, 1-151. Nauka.
Dzik, J. 1992. Early astogeny and relationships of the ordovician rhabdomesine bryozoans. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 37, 1, 37-54.
Gorjunova, R. V. 1992. Morphology and system of Paleozoic bryozoans. Transactions of the Paleontological Institute (PIN) 251, 1-152. Nauka.
Pushkin, V. I., Gataulina, G. M. 1992. Reviziâ rannepaleozojskih mšanok (Cystoporida) iz kollekcii È. I. Èjhval'da [Ревизия раннепалеозойских мшанок (Cystoporida) из коллекции Э. И. Эйхвальда]. Voprosy paleontologii X, 88-97.
Lavrentjeva, V. D. 1991. New Bryozoan Species of the Order Cryptostomid. Paleontologicheski Zhurnal 1991, 4, 124-127.
Pushkin, V. I. 1990. Mšanki semejstva Ceramoporidae iz Ordovika Vostočno-Evropejskoj platformy [Мшанки семейства Ceramoporidae из Ордовика Восточно-Европейской платформы]. New representatives of fossil fauna and flora of Belarus and other regions of the USSR, pp. 5-34. Nauka i Tehnika.
Pushkin, V. I., Nehkorosheva, L. V., Kopaevich, G. V., Yaroshinskaya, A. M. 1990. Pržidol'skie mšanki SSSR [Пржидольские мшанки СССР]. pp. 1-125. Nauka.
Lavrentjeva, V. D. 1990. New genus of Cryptostomate bryozoans. Paleontologicheski Zhurnal 1990, 2, 127-130.
Lavrentjeva, V. D. 1988. New Upper Ordovician Phylloporinina (Bryozoa) of Estonia. Paleontologicheski Zhurnal 1988, 4, 100-103.
Gorjunova, R. V. 1988. Systematics of genus Revalotrypa (Bryozoa). Paleontologicheski Zhurnal 1988, 2, 31-36.
Pushkin, V. I. 1987. Ordovikskie mšanki podotrâda Halloporina Belorussii i smežnyh rajonov Vostočno- Evropejskoj platformy. Ordovik Belorussii, pp. 145-232. Nauka i Tehnika.
Ropot, V. F., Pushkin, V. I. 1987. Ordovik Belorussii [Ордовик Белоруссии]. pp. 1-234. Nauka i tehnika.
Gorjunova, P. V., Lavrentjeva, V. D. 1987. Novyj rod Prophyllodictya - drevnejšij predstavitel' kriptostomidnyh mšanok [Новый род Prophyllodictya - древнейший представитель криптостомидных мшанок]. Paleontologicheski Zhurnal 1987, 1, 41-49.
Modzalevskaya, E. A. 1986. Bryozoa of the family Dittoporidae from Ordovician of Leningrad area. Ežegodnik Vsesoûznogo Paleontologičeskogo Obŝestva XXX, 74-91.
Lavrentjeva, V. D. 1985. Mšanki podotrâda Phylloporinina [Мшанки подотряда Phylloporinina]. Transactions of the Paleontological Institute (PIN) 214, 1-97. Nauka.
Taylor, P. D., Curry, G. B. 1985. The earliest known Fenestrate Bryozoan, with a short review of Lower Ordovician Bryozoa. Palaeontology 28, 1, 147-158.
Brood, K. 1985. Bryozoans from the Rönnklint section, Gotland. GFF 107, 1, 71-75. DOI:10.1080/11035898509452616
Modzalevskaya, T. L. 1985. Brahiopody silura i rannego devona Evropejskoj časti SSSR. Otrâd Athyridida. pp. 1-128. Nauka.
Gorjunova, R. V. 1985. Morfologiâ, sistema i filogeniâ mšanok (otrâd Rhabdomesida) [Морфология, система и филогения мшанок (отряд Rhabdomesida)]. Transactions of the Paleontological Institute (PIN) 208, 1-152. Nauka.
Spjeldnaes, N. 1984. Upper Ordovician Bryozoans from Ojl Myr, Gotland, Sweden. Bulletin of the Geological Institutions of the University of Uppsala 10, 1-66.
Brood, K. 1982. Ashgill Bryozoa from a fissure filling at Solberga, Dalarna. GFF 104, 2, 167-181. DOI:10.1080/11035898209455247
Morozova, I. P., Lavrentjeva, V. D. 1981. O proishozhdenii mshanok podotrjada Fenestellina. Paleontologicheski Zhurnal 1981, 2, 56-63.
Brood, K. 1981. Bryozoa from the Klingkalk at Jälltjärn in Dalarna Sweden. Acta Universitatis Stockholmiensis 37, 4, 43-48.
Brood, K. 1981. Hirnantian (Upper Ordovician) Bryozoa from Baltoscandia. Recent and Fossil Bryozoa: Papers Presented at the 5° International Conference on Bryozoa, pp. 19-27. Olsen & Olsen.
Brangulis, A. P., Karpitski, V. Ya., Murnieks, A. E. 1981. Early platform volcanic- sedimentary formations of Southeast Latvia. The conditions of formation sedimentary cover and structures of the Baltic, pp. 101-108. Zinatne.
Pushkin, V. I. 1981. To the knowledge of the genus Calloporella (Bryozoa). Paleontologicheski Zhurnal 1981, 4, 65-73.
Rõõmusoks, A. 1981. Ordovician and Silurian Strophomenida of Estonia, III. Genus Thaerodonta Wang. Eesti NSV Teaduste Akadeemia Toimetised. Geoloogia / Известия Академии наук Эстонской ССР. Геология 30, 2, 61-71. DOI:10.3176/geol.1981.2.04
Dzik, J. 1981. Evolutionary relationships of the Early Paleozoic cyclostomatous Bryozoa. Palaeontology 24, 4, 827-862.
Brood, K. 1980. Upper Ordovician bryozoa from Dalmantina beds of Kinnekulle, Sweden. GFF 102, 1, 27-35. DOI:10.1080/11035898009448587
Brood, K. 1980. Late Ordovician Bryozoa from Ringerike, Norway. Norsk Geologisk Tidsskrift 60, 3, 161-174.
Lavrentjeva, V. D. 1979. Phylloporinina, a new suborder of Palaeozoic Bryozoa. Paleontologicheski Zhurnal 1979, 1, 59-68.
Brood, K. 1979. Bryozoans. Sveriges Geologiska Undersökning 73, 3, 172-180.
Astrova, G. G. 1978. Istoriâ razvitiâ, sistema i filogeniâ mšanok otrâda Trepostomata. Transactions of the Paleontological Institute (PIN) 169, 1-240. Nauka.
Brood, K. 1978. Upper Ordovician bryozoa from Dalmanitina beds of Borenshult, Östergötland, Sweden. Geologica et Palaeontologica 12, 53-72.
Pushkin, V. I. 1977. O sistematičeskom položenii i sostave roda Dittopora (Bryozoa). Transactions of the Museum of earth-study of Moscow University 97-113.
Pushkin, V. I. 1977. New genus of Ordovician Bryozoans. Paleontologicheski Zhurnal 1977, 4, 67-72.
List of species
1. Acanthoceramoporella brestica Pushkin, 2002 | Uhaku Stage→Idavere Substage
4. Amplexopora angustiformis Pushkin, 1976 | Uhaku Stage→Kukruse Stage
7. Amplexopora spinulosa (Ulrich, 1893) | Keila Stage→Oandu Stage
11. Anaphragma mirabile Ulrich et Bassler, 1904 | Nabala Stage→Pirgu Stage
16. Anisotrypa callosa Pushkin, 1990 | Přidoli→Lower Devonian
19. Anolotichiina crassimuralis (Bassler, 1911) | Jõhvi Substage→Oandu Stage
20. Anolotichiina laciniatus (Eichwald, 1854) | Kukruse Stage→Jõhvi Substage
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Classification
Organism groupBiota
KingdomAnimalia
PhylumAgmata
incertae sedis
Annelida
Arthropoda
Brachiopoda
Bryozoa
ClassGymnolaemata
Stenolaemata
OrderCyclostomata
GenusMaennilina
PhylumChordata
Cnidaria
Echinodermata
Hemichordata
Mollusca
Onychophora
Pogonophora
Porifera
Priapulida
SubphylumLophotrochozoa
ClassChitinozoa
OrderHyolithelminthida
See also