Subphylum
Rhynchonelliformea Williams, Carlson, Brunton, Holmer et Popov, 1996
Selection of related publications
Hints, L. 2024. Taxonomy of the Sandbian (Upper Ordovician) brachiopod Dalmanella kegelensis Alichova, 1953 and the new genus Alichovella. Estonian Journal of Earth Sciences 73, 1, 45-56. DOI:10.3176/earth.2024.06
Baarli, B. G. 2022. The smooth, spire-bearing brachiopods after the terminal Ordovician extinction through lower Llandovery in the central Oslo region, Norway. Journal of Paleontology 96, 1, 81-111. DOI:10.1017/jpa.2021.72
Baarli, B. G. 2021. Survival and recovery atrypid fauna following the terminal Ordovician extinction, the Atrypinae: central Oslo Region, Norway. Historical Biology 33, 3, 403-440. DOI:10.1080/08912963.2019.1620228
Baarli, B. G. 2021. Plectatrypinae and other ribbed atrypides succeeding the end Ordovician extinction event, Central Oslo Region, Norway. Journal of Paleontology 95, 1, 75-105. DOI:10.1017/jpa.2020.69
Toom, U., Vinn, O., Isakar, M., Madison, A., Hints, O. 2020. Small faecal pellets in Ordovician shelly fossils from Estonia, Baltoscandia. Estonian Journal of Earth Sciences 69, 1, 1-19. DOI:10.3176/earth.2020.01
Balthasar, U., Jin, J., Hints, L., Cusack, M. 2020. Brachiopod shell thickness links environment and evolution. Palaeontology 63, 1, 171-183. DOI:10.1111/pala.12450
Hints, L. 2019. The Ordovician brachiopod genus Cyrtonotella: taxonomy and distribution in the Baltic Basin. Estonian Journal of Earth Sciences 68, 3, 147-159. DOI:10.3176/earth.2019.10
Madison, A. A. 2019. Shell Microstructure of Strophomenide Bilobia Cooper (Brachiopoda) from the Late Ordovician of Baltoscandia. Paleontological Journal 53, 1, 30-43. DOI:10.1134/S0031030119010052
Harper, D. A. T., Popov, L. E., Holmer, L. E. 2017. Brachiopods: origin and early history. Palaeontology 60, 5, 609-631. DOI:10.1111/pala.12307
Holmer, L. E., Popov, L. E., Ghobadi Pour, M., Zhang, Z., Zhang, Z. 2017. Unusual pitted Ordovician brachiopods from the East Baltic: the significance of coarsely pitted ornamentations in linguliforms. Papers in Palaeontology 3, 3, 387-399. Wiley. DOI:10.1002/spp2.1080
Jin, J., Holmer, L. E. 2017. Pentameroid brachiopod Karlsorus new genus from the upper Wenlock (Silurian) Slite Beds, Gotland, Sweden. Journal of Paleontology 91, 5, 911-918. Cambridge University Press (CUP). DOI:10.1017/jpa.2017.46
Madison, A. 2017. To the revision of the Upper Ordovician Bilobia Cooper (Strophomenida, Brachiopoda). Paleontological Journal 51, 4, 368-373. Pleiades Publishing Ltd. DOI:10.1134/S0031030117040062
Hints, L., Paškevičius, J., Martma, T., Männik, P., Nõlvak, J. 2016. Upper Sandbian–lower Katian bio- and chemostratigraphy in the Pajevonys-13 core section, Lithuania. Estonian Journal of Earth Sciences 65, 2, 85-97. DOI:10.3176/earth.2016.08
Huang, B., Baarli, B .G., Zhan, R. B., Rong, J. Y. 2016. A new early Silurian brachiopod genus, Thulatrypa, from Norway and South China, and its palaeobiogeographical significance. Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology 40, 1, 83-97. DOI:10.1080/03115518.2016.1092066
Paškevičius, J., Hints, L. 2016. New Early Katian species of Leptestiidae and Hesperorthidae (Brachiopoda) from Lithuania. Estonian Journal of Earth Sciences 65, 2, 75-84. DOI:10.3176/earth.2016.05
Jarochowska, E., Hierl, F., Vinn, O., Munnecke, A. 2016. Reducing taxonomic noise in problematic fossils: revision of the incertae sedis genus Allonema based on shape analysis. Bulletin of Geosciences 91, 1, 97-110. DOI:10.3140/bull.geosci.1588
Hints, L., Harper, D. A. T. 2015. The Hirnantian (Late Ordovician) brachiopod fauna of the East Baltic: Taxonomy of the key species. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 60, 2, 395-420. DOI:10.4202/app.2013.0010
Hints, L. 2014. Revision of the concept of the orthide brachiopod Cyrtonotella in the Middle Ordovician of the East Baltic. Estonian Journal of Earth Sciences 63, 2, 63-70. DOI:10.3176/earth.2014.05
Vinn, O., Wilson, M. A., Toom, U. 2014. Earliest rhynchonelliform brachiopod parasite from the Late Ordovician of northern Estonia (Baltica). Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 411, 42-45. DOI:10.1016/j.palaeo.2014.06.028
Madison, A. A. 2013. New Brachiopod Subfamily Anechophragmiinae (Strophomenida) from the Ordovician of the Leningrad Region. Paleontological Journal 47, 1, 23-37. DOI:10.1134/S0031030113010061
Vinn, O. 2013. Cornulitid tubeforms from the Ordovician of Eastern Baltic. Carnets de Géologie 03, 131-138.
Madison, A. A. 2012. Formation of Cardinal Process in Ordovician Strophomenids. Paleontological Journal 46, 12, 1362-1374. DOI:10.1134/S0031030112120039
Hints, L. 2012. New Hirnantian orthide brachiopods from the type section of the Porkuni Stage (Porkuni quarry, northeastern Estonia). Estonian Journal of Earth Sciences 61, 4, 227–241. DOI:10.3176/earth.2012.4.04
Nestor, V. 2012. A summary and revision of the East Baltic Silurian chitinozoan biozonation. Estonian Journal of Earth Sciences 61, 4, 242-260. DOI:10.3176/earth.2012.4.05
Rubel, M. 2011. Silurian brachiopods Dictyonellida, Strophomenida, Productida, Orthotetida, Protorthida and Orthida from Estonia. Fossilia Baltica 4, pp. 1-133. Tartu Ülikooli geoloogia instituut.
Hoel, O. A. 2011. Strophomenidae, Leptostrophiidae, Strophodontidae and Shaleriidae (Brachiopoda, Strophomenida) from the Silurian of Gotland, Sweden. Paläontologische Zeitschrift 85, 2, 201-229. DOI:10.1007/s12542-010-0088-3
Madison A. A., Rubel, M. 2010. Family Lycophoriidae (Brachiopoda) from the Ordovician of Baltoscandia. Paleontological Journal 44, 2, 14-23. DOI:10.1134/S0031030110020048
Hints, L. 2010. A new glyptorthid species (Brachiopoda: Orthida) from the Upper Ordovician of Estonia. Estonian Journal of Earth Sciences 59, 3, 189-194. DOI:10.3176/earth.2010.3.01
Hints, L., Harper, D. A. T. 2008. The brachiopods Alwynella and Grorudia: homeomorphic plectambonitoids in the Middle and Upper Ordovician of Baltoscandia. Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 98, 3-4, 271-280. DOI:10.1017/S1755691007080358
Zuykov, M. A., Butts, S. H. 2008. Glyptorthis (Foerste, 1914) and Bassettella new genus (Brachiopoda: Orthida) from the Late Ordovician of the East Baltic. Journal of Paleontology 82, 1, 197-200. DOI:10.1666/06-068.1
Zuykov, M. A., Terentiev, S. S., Harper, D. A. T. 2008. New endemic brachiopod and echinoderm genera from the Upper Ordovician of the St. Petersburg region, nortwestern Russia. GFF 130, 2, 87-93. DOI:10.1080/11035890801302087
Jin, J., Zhan, R. 2008. Late Ordovician Orthide and Billingsellide Brachiopods from Anticosti Island, Eastern Canada: Diversity Change through Mass Extinction. pp. 1-160. NRC Research Press.
Kaljo, D., Hints, L., Männik, P., Nõlvak, J. 2008. The succession of Hirnantian events based on data from Baltica: brachiopods, chitinozoans, conodonts, and carbon isotopes. Estonian Journal of Earth Sciences 57, 4, 197-218. DOI:10.3176/earth.2008.4.01
Wright, A. D., Rong, J.-Y. 2007. Co-existence of interarea and palintrope: contribution of a new pentameride brachiopod from the Upper Ordovician of Sweden. Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 98, 3-4, 263-269. DOI:10.1017/S1755691007080395
Hints, L., Hints, O., Nemliher, R., Nõlvak, J. 2007. Hulterstad brachiopods and associated faunas in the Vormsi Stage (Upper Ordovician, Katian) of the Lelle core, Central Estonia. Estonian Journal of Earth Sciences 56, 3, 131-142.
Zuykov, M. A., Harper, D. A. T. 2007. Platystrophia (Orthida) and new related Ordovician and Early Silurian brachiopod genera. Estonian Journal of Earth Sciences 56, 1, 11-34.
Egerquist, E., Holmer, L. E. 2006. Early-Middle Ordovician (Billingen- Volkhov stages) Orthide and Protorthide brachiopods from the East Baltic. GFF 128, 4, 339-348. DOI:10.1080/11035890601284339
Thomsen, E., Jin., J., Harper, D. A. T. 2006. Early Silurian brachiopods (Rhynchonellata) from the Sælabonn Formation of the Ringerike district, Norway. Bulletin of the Geological Society of Denmark 53, 111-126. DOI:10.37570/bgsd-2006-53-06
Cocks, L. R. M. 2005. Strophomenate Brachiopods from the late Ordovician Boda Limestone of Sweden: their systematics and implications for palaeogeography. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 30, 3, 243-282. DOI:10.1017/S1477201905001616
Popov, L. E., Egerquist, E., Zuykov, M. A. 2005. Ordovician (Arenig–Caradoc) Syntrophiidine brachiopods from the East Baltic region. Palaeontology 48, 4, 739-761. DOI:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2005.00487.x
Zuykov, M. A., Egerquist, E. 2005. A new Platystrophia-like brachiopod genus from the Ordovician Boda Limestone of Dalarna, Sweden. pp. 1-5. DOI:10.1080/11035890501271001
Hoel, O. A. 2005. Silurian Leptaeninae (Brachiopoda) of Gotland, Sweden. Paläontologische Zeitschrift 79, 2, 263-284. DOI:10.1007/BF02990188
Vinn, O. 2005. The distribution of worm borings in brachiopod shells from the Caradoc Oil Shale of Estonia. Carnets de Géologie 5, article 3, 1-11. DOI:10.4267/2042/2454
Rõõmusoks, A. 2004. Ordovician strophomenoid brachiopods of northern Estonia. Fossilia Baltica 3, pp. 1-151. Tartu Ülikooli geoloogia Instituut.
Musteikis, P., Cocks, L. R. M. 2004. Strophomenide and orthotetide Silurian brachiopods from the Baltic region, with particular reference to Lithuanian boreholes. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 49, 3, 455-482.
Copper, P. 2004. Silurian (Late Llandovery-Ludlow) Atrypid Brachiopods from Gotland, Sweden, and Welsh Borderlands, Great Britain. pp. 1-219. DOI:10.1139/9780660190112
Hints, L. 2004. Maximizing diductor adhension: An unusual cardinal process in Late Ordovician brachiopods from Estonia. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 49, 4, 635-638.
Vinn, O. 2004. The earliest known Trypanites borings in the shells of articulate brachiopods from the Arenig (Ordovician) of Baltica. Proceedings of the Estonian Academy of Sciences. Geology 53, 4, 257-266. DOI:10.3176/geol.2004.4.03
Tolmacheva, T., Egerquist, E., Meidla, T., Tinn, O., Holmer, L. 2003. Faunal composition and dynamics in unconsolidated sediments: a case study from the Middle Ordovician of the East Baltic. Geological Magazine 140, 1, 31-44. DOI:10.1017/S001675680200701X
Zuykov, M., Hints, L. 2002. New species of Estlandia (Clitambonitidina, Brachiopoda) in the Upper Ordovician of the East Baltic. Proceedings of the Estonian Academy of Sciences. Geology 51, 3, 135-142. DOI:10.3176/geol.2002.3.01
Musteikis, P., Modzalevskaya, T. L. 2002. Some Silurian brachiopods from Lithuania and their palaeobiogeographical significance. Palaeontology 45, 3, 595–626. DOI:10.1111/1475-4983.00251
Vinn, O. 2001. A new subspecies of the clitambonitidine brachiopod Estlandia catellatus from the Middle Ordovician of Osmussaar Island, Estonia. Proceedings of the Estonian Academy of Sciences. Geology 50, 2, 86-94. DOI:10.3176/geol.2001.2.02
Hints, L., Oraspõld, A., Kaljo, D. 2000. Stratotype of the Porkuni Stage with comments on the Röa Member (uppermost Ordovician, Estonia). Proceedings of the Estonian Academy of Sciences. Geology 49, 3, 177-199. DOI:10.3176/geol.2000.3.02
Rubel, M., Wright, A. D. 2000. Clitambonitidina. Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, part H, Brachiopoda, Revised, Volume 3, pp. 692-708.
Vinn, O., Rubel, M. 2000. The spondylium and related structures in the clitambonitidine brachiopods. Journal of Paleontology 74, 3, 439-443. DOI:10.1017/S002233600003170X
Kaesler, R. L. (ed) 2000. Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology. Part H. Brachiopoda, Revised. Volume 2: Linguliformea, Craniiformea, and Rhynchonelliformea (part). pp. 1-423. University of Kansas Paleontological Institute.
Tinn, O. 1998. The Ordovician clitambonitidine brachiopod genus Vellamo in Estonia. Proceedings of the Estonian Academy of Sciences. Geology 47, 3, 195-216. DOI:10.3176/geol.1998.3.05
Rõõmusoks, A. 1993. A review of Estonian Ordovician rafinesquinids (Brachiopoda, Strophomenacea). Proceedings of the Estonian Academy of Sciences. Geology 42, 4, 160-166. DOI:10.3176/geol.1993.4.03
Rõõmusoks, A. 1993. Some brachiopod genera of the subfamily Strophomeninae from the Ordovician of Estonia. Proceedings of the Estonian Academy of Sciences. Geology 42, 3, 110-117. DOI:10.3176/geol.1993.3.02
Andreev, D. A. 1993. New Ordovician Plectambonitacean brachiopods from Tuva and Leningrad oblast. Paleontologicheski Zhurnal 2, 50-55.
Wright, A. D. 1993. Subdivision of the lower Palaeozoic articulate brachiopod family Triplesiidae. Palaeontology 36, 2, 481-493.
Hints, L. 1993. Holorhynchus (Pentamerida, Brachiopoda) in the Upper Ordovician of Estonia. Proceedings of the Estonian Academy of Sciences. Geology 42, 3, 118-123. DOI:10.3176/geol.1993.3.03
Jaanusson, V., Bassett, M. G. 1993. Orthambonites and related Ordovician brachiopod genera. Palaeontology 36, 1, 21-63.
Rõõmusoks, A. 1993. Four new brachiopod genera of the subfamily Oepikinae (Strophomenacea) from the Ordovician of Estonia. Proceedings of the Estonian Academy of Sciences. Geology 42, 2, 48-57. DOI:10.3176/geol.1993.2.02
Hints, L. 1990. Ordovician articulate brachiopods. Field Meeting Estonia 1990. An Excursion Guidebook, pp. 58-61. Estonian Academy of Sciences.
Bassett, M. G., Kaljo, D., Teller, L. 1989. The Baltic region. National Museum of Wales, Geological Series 9, 158-170. National Museum of Wales.
Rõõmusoks, A. 1989. Über die Divergenz der Leptaenidae (Brachiopoda) in der Viru-und Harju-zeit in Baltoscandia. Eesti NSV Teaduste Akadeemia Toimetised. Geoloogia / Известия Академии наук Эстонской ССР. Геология 38, 3, 112-117. DOI:10.3176/geol.1989.3.03
Hints, L. 1986. Genus Streptis (Triplesiidae, Brachiopoda) from the Ordovician and Silurian of Estonia. Eesti NSV Teaduste Akadeemia Toimetised. Geoloogia / Известия Академии наук Эстонской ССР. Геология 35, 1, 20-26. DOI:10.3176/geol.1986.1.03
Rõõmusoks, A. 1985. The genera Trigrammaria and Microtrypa (Strophomenidae) in the Ordovician of Baltoscandia. Eesti NSV Teaduste Akadeemia Toimetised. Geoloogia / Известия Академии наук Эстонской ССР. Геология 34, 4, 133-140. DOI:10.3176/geol.1985.4.03
Modzalevskaya, T. L. 1985. Brahiopody silura i rannego devona Evropejskoj časti SSSR. Otrâd Athyridida. pp. 1-128. Nauka.
Rubel, M., Musteikis, P., Popov, L. 1984. Sistematicheskii spisok brahiopod silura Pribaltiki [Систематический список брахиопод силура Прибалтики]. pp. 1-36. Eesti Teaduste Akadeemia.
Musteikis, P., Puura, I. 1983. The brachiopod genus Dicoelosia from the Baltic Silurian. Eesti NSV Teaduste Akadeemia Toimetised. Geoloogia / Известия Академии наук Эстонской ССР. Геология 32, 4, 138-145. DOI:10.3176/geol.1983.4.03
Rõõmusoks, A. 1981. Ordovician and Silurian Strophomenida of Estonia, III. Genus Thaerodonta Wang. Eesti NSV Teaduste Akadeemia Toimetised. Geoloogia / Известия Академии наук Эстонской ССР. Геология 30, 2, 61-71. DOI:10.3176/geol.1981.2.04
Hints, L. 1979. Genus Saukrodictya (Enteletacea) from the Ordovician and Silurian of Estonia. Eesti NSV Teaduste Akadeemia Toimetised. Geoloogia / Известия Академии наук Эстонской ССР. Геология 28, 2, 52-59. DOI:10.3176/geol.1979.2.02
Rubel, M., Rozman, H. 1977. New species of Silurian rhynchonelloid species of Estonia. Facies and fauna of the Baltic Silurian, pp. 213-239. Academy of Sciences of the Estonian S. S. R. Institute of Geology.
Rubel, M. 1977. Revision of Silurian Dayiacea (Brach.) from the North-East Baltic. Eesti NSV Teaduste Akadeemia Toimetised. Keemia, Geoloogia / Известия Академии наук Эстонской ССР. Химия. Геология 26, 3, 211-220. DOI:10.3176/chem.geol.1977.3.08
Copper, P. 1977. Zygospira and some related Ordovician and Silurian Atrypoid brachiopods. Palaeontology 20, 2, 295-335.
Rubel, M. 1977. Evolution of the genus Stricklandia (Pentamerida, Brach.) in the Llandovery of Estonia. Facies and fauna of the Baltic Silurian, pp. 193-212. ENSV TA Geoloogia Instituut.
Stel, J. H., de Coo, J. C. M. 1977. The Silurian Upper Burgsvik and Lower Hamra-Sundre Beds, Gotland. Scripta Geologica 44, 1-43.
Kleesment, A. E. 1977. Raspredelenie tipomorfnyh raznovidnostej cirkona i turmalina kak kriterij rasčleneniâ terrigennyh tolŝ (na primere Pribaltiki). Paleozoic lithology and mineral resources of the Baltic, pp. 64-73. Zinatne.
Põlma, L., Sarv, L., Hints, L. 1977. The subdivision of the Ordovician in the Berzini boring (South-East Latvia). Eesti NSV Teaduste Akadeemia Toimetised. Keemia, Geoloogia / Известия Академии наук Эстонской ССР. Химия. Геология 26, 2, 113-121. DOI:10.3176/chem.geol.1977.2.05
Tsegelnjuk, P. D. 1976. Brahiopody i stratigrafiâ nižnego paleozoâ Volyno-Podolii. pp. 1-155. Naukova Dumka.
Hints, L. 1975. Brahiopody Enteletacea ordovika Pribaltiki. pp. 1-119. Eesti NSV Teaduste Akadeemia.
Hurst, J. M. 1975. Resserella sabrinae Bassett, in the Wenlock of Wales and the Welsh Borderland. Journal of Paleontology 49, 2, 316-328.
Bassett, M. G., Cocks, L. R. M. 1974. A review of Silurian brachiopods from Gotland. Fossils and Strata 3, 1-56.
Wright, A. D. 1974. A revision of the Upper Ordovician brachiopod "Pentamerus angulosus Törnquist". GFF 96, 237-246. DOI:10.1080/11035897409454950
Hints, L. 1973. New Orthacean Brachiopods from the Middle Ordovician of the East Baltic area and Sweden. Eesti NSV Teaduste Akadeemia Toimetised. Keemia, Geoloogia / Известия Академии наук Эстонской ССР. Химия. Геология 22, 3, 248-256. DOI:10.3176/chem.geol.1973.3.10
Rubel, M. 1971. Taxonomy of dicoelosiid brachiopods from the Ordovician and Silurian of the East Baltic. Palaeontology 14, 1, 34-60.
Hints, L. 1971. A new genus of Rhipidomellid Brachiopods from the Middle Ordovician of the Moscovian Syneclise. Eesti NSV Teaduste Akadeemia Toimetised. Keemia, Geoloogia / Известия Академии наук Эстонской ССР. Химия. Геология 20, 3, 266-270. DOI:10.3176/chem.geol.1971.3.15
Walmsley, V. G., Boucot, A. J. 1971. The Resserellinae - a new subfamily of late Ordovician to early Devonian Dalmanellid Brachiopods. Palaeontology 14, 3, 91-102.
Boucot, A. J., Johnson, J. G., Rubel, M. 1971. Descriptions of brachiopod genera of subfamily Virgianinae Boucot et Amsden, 1963. Eesti NSV Teaduste Akadeemia Toimetised. Keemia, Geoloogia / Известия Академии наук Эстонской ССР. Химия. Геология 20, 3, 271-280. DOI:10.3176/chem.geol.1971.3.16
Rubel, M. 1970. On the distribution of brachiopods in the lowermost Llandovery of Estonia. Eesti NSV Teaduste Akadeemia Toimetised. Keemia, Geoloogia / Известия Академии наук Эстонской ССР. Химия. Геология 19, 1, 69-79. DOI:10.3176/chem.geol.1970.1.11
Wright, A. D. 1968. The brachiopod Dicoelosia biloba (Linnaeus) and related species. Arkiv För Zoologi 20, 2, 261-319.
Hints, L. M. 1968. Cremnorthis and Paurorthis (Brachiopoda) in the Middle Ordovician of Estonia. Eesti NSV Teaduste Akadeemia Toimetised. Keemia, Geoloogia / Известия Академии наук Эстонской ССР. Химия. Геология 17, 4, 386-392. DOI:10.3176/chem.geol.1968.4.09
Bergström, J. 1968. Upper Ordovician brachiopods from Västergötland, Sweden. Geologica et Palaeontologica 2, 1-35.
List of species
2. Actinomena orta Öpik, 1930 | Kukruse Stage
3. Aegiria norvegica Öpik, 1933 | Raikküla Stage
4. Ahtiella arenaria Öpik, 1933 | Kunda Stage
5. Ahtiella baltica Öpik, 1932 | Kunda Stage
6. Ahtiella jaanussoni Hessland, 1949 | Kunda Stage
7. Ahtiella lirata Öpik, 1932 | Kunda Stage
8. Ahtiella oelandica Hessland, 1949e | Kunda Stage
9. Ahtiella plana Hessland, 1949 | Kunda Stage
10. Alispira gracilis Nikiforova, 1961 | Juuru Stage
13. Alwynella osloensis Spjeldnaes, 1957 | Kukruse Stage
14. Amphistrophia (Amphistrophia) funiculata (McCoy, 1846) | Wenlock
16. Anastrophia deflexa (Sowerby, 1839) | Wenlock
17. Anazyga gutta (Oraspõld, 1956) | Oandu Stage
18. Anchigonites conulus Öpik, 1939 | Kunda Stage
19. Anchigonites heintzi Öpik, 1939 | Kunda Stage
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Map shows only the first 1000 localities
Classification
Organism group | Biota |
Kingdom | Animalia |
Phylum | Brachiopoda |
Subphylum | Craniiformea |
Linguliformea | |
Rhynchonelliformea | |
Class | Chileata |
Kutorginata | |
Obolellata | |
Rhynchonellata | |
Strophomenata |