Placodermi
klass

Placodermi McCoy, 1848

Rüükalad

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Taksoni iseloomustus

Eesti ala Vanaaegkonnas elanud lõugsuused (Gnathostomata) jagunevad nelja suurde rühma: rüükalad ehk plakodermid (Placodermi), akantoodid (Acanthodii), kõrhkalad (Chondrichthyes) ja luukalad (Osteichthyes).

Devoni ajastul elanud rüükalad ehk plakodermid (Placodermi), said oma nime nende keha esipoolt katnud paksu luuplaatidest rüü järgi. Rüü koosnes pea ja keharüüst ning mõlemad jagunesid omakorda erineva kuju ja suurusega luuplaatideks. Liigeskaelalistel rüükaladel (Arthrodira) oli pea ja kehaosa vahel kuklaliiges. Rüükaladel olid hästi arenenud paarisuimed ja sabauim ning kõhrest sisetoes. Neil ei olnud hambaid, toitu haarasid nad lõugade teravate servadega. Enamus rüükaladest elas veekogude põhjas, toitus detriidist ja taimedest. Väikesed rüükalad olid 3-4 cm pikkused. Suurematest röövkaladest, nagu Kanadast leitud Dunkleosteus, kelle pikkus ulatus kuni 11 meetrini, said maailma esimesed hiidselgroogsed. Esimesed Plakodermid ilmusid Siluri ajastul, nende õitseaeg langes aga Devoni ajastusse, mil nad saavutasid kiiresti suure mitmekesisuse. Teatakse ligikaudu 200 rüükalade perekonda, neist enamikku tuntakse ainult luuplaatide järgi, terved eksemplarid on haruldased. Eesti aladelt on leitud hulgaliselt Devoni ajastul elanud erinevate rüükalade luuplaate.

 

Rüükala Asterolepis ornata rekonstruktsioon, V. Karatajute-Talimaa joonis.

Ursula Toom 2013
Valik taksonit käsitlevast teaduskirjandusest
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Leitud liigid